ABSTRACT
As is known in classical physics and in thermodynamics, in particular, these models are classified with respect to whether a studied system exchanges mass or energy with the surroundings. Since modern physics considers mass and energy to be different forms of matter being individually uniquely identical, it is assumed that a more general classification of the energy-exchange models should account for the type of the studied system and the number of its interactions with the surroundings. Hence, we may assume the following general division of energy-exchange (energy) systems and the respective models of the running processes:
•Isolated systems (no energy exchange with the surroundings). • Open systems (one or more interactions with the surroundings-
exchange of entropy, momentum, mass, electric charges, or moments). According to the number of possible energy interactions between the studied system and the surroundings, the systems have one or more degrees of freedom.
