ABSTRACT

FABIO CAIAZZO, ROBERT MALINA, MARK D. STAPLES, PHILIP J. WOLFE, STEVE H. L. YIM, AND STEVEN R. H. BARRETT

6.1 INTRODUCTION

Biofuels may hold promise to promote energy security, reduce the environmental impact of transportation and foster economic development. For these reasons, many countries have enacted policies to encourage their production (EU 2009, US EPA 2013). In the US, biofuel production for transportation aims to replace 30% of petroleum consumption by 2030 (Perlack et al 2005, US Department of Energy 2011). Targets are also set for the EU (10% replacement of diesel and gasoline by 2020; EU 2009) and other countries such as China (2 million tons of biodiesel by 2020; Koizumi 2011) and Indonesia (20% replacement of diesel and gasoline by 2025; Zhou and Thomson 2009).