ABSTRACT
The hallucinogens are a descriptive pharmacological class of synthetic and naturally occurring derivatives of the ergot alkaloids. These include the tryptamines, amphetamines, and related sympathomimetics. Ergotamine, ergonovine, and ergotoxine compounds are readily soluble in water, although their absorption rate is erratic. The ergotamine derivatives have a variety of seemingly unrelated pharmacological properties. The desirable effects, or at least, the reason for intentional nontherapeutic use of the substance, vary between euphoria and dysphoria. Swift mood swings, even after a single dose within the same time period, are easily produced. Common adverse reactions occur within minutes after ingestion. Sympathetic stimulation results in mydriasis, hyperthermia, piloerection, tachycardia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension. Toxic effects are an extension of the pharmacological and clinical effects. Although serious toxicity is uncommon, psychosis and dangers related to poor judgment are complications. Psychological tolerance and addiction, characterized by compulsive drug-seeking behavior and abuse despite its known harmful effects on social functioning, has been documented with long-term marijuana abuse.
