ABSTRACT
Abstract ..................................................................................................... 2 1.1 Introduction ...................................................................................... 2 1.2 Dalton’s Legacy for Modern Chemistry .......................................... 5 1.2.1 Dalton’s New Philosophic System for
Chemistry (1805-1827) ....................................................... 5 1.2.2 Dalton’s Concepts on Elementary Molecules, by
Avogadro (1811) ................................................................. 10 1.2.3 More on Dalton’s Elementary Molecules, by
Avogadro (1811) ................................................................. 13 1.2.4 Analogies in the Structure of Substances, by
Humphry (1812) ................................................................. 19 1.2.5 On Chemical Proportions, by Berzelius (1813-1814) ....... 20 1.2.6 Structure Analogies on Substances’ Grouping, by
Döbereiner (1829) .............................................................. 24 1.2.7 Elemental Equivalents and the Octaves’ Law, by
Newlands (1863) ................................................................ 28 1.3 Mendeleev’s Legacy for Modern Chemistry ................................. 33 1.3.1 From Alchemy to Chemistry, by Mendeleev (1869) .......... 33 1.3.2 On Atomic Weights-Elemental Properties’
Relationships, by Mendeleev (1869) .................................. 34
1.3.3 On Atomic Weights-Elemental Properties’ Relationships, by Meyer (1870) ......................................... 37
1.3.4 On Elemental Periodicity, by Mendeleev (1889) ............... 38 1.3.5 Discovering New Elements by Periodicity Law, by
Mendeleev (1869, 1871, 1889) .......................................... 46 1.4 Standard Form of the Periodic Table ............................................. 49 1.5 Conclusion ..................................................................................... 57 Keywords ................................................................................................ 60 References ............................................................................................... 60 Author’s Main Reference ............................................................... 60 Specific References ........................................................................ 60
ABSTRACT
This chapter is dedicated introducing the main objects of chemistry, namely the chemical atoms and their elements, mostly by reloading of the original thoughts of the creators of modern chemistry, from Dalton, to Berzelius, to Mendeleev, appropriately cited and ordered, for having a glimpse of the flavor in passing from alchemical philosophy to the natural, physical-chemistry approach in the forthcoming sections of this volume.
