ABSTRACT
Imaging provides guidance for the performance of procedures with precision. Many procedures were performed with a relatively high degree of success in the past and without much guidance except for a thorough understanding of the anatomy and its variants. Imaging technique is one factor within the control of the operator that significantly affects the quality of the resulting images. The technology is available to permit procedural guidance using integrated, advanced imaging. The digital processing system automatically divides the information transmitted from the image intensifier into a matrix, which is composed of pixels. Simple swallowing or breathing can prevent adequate imaging during carotid or cerebral arteriography. Life-threatening reactions, such as anaphylaxis, may occur with either ionic or nonionic contrast administration and the incidence is about the same with each. A digital subtraction arteriography image is created by first obtaining a mask that is computerized and recorded and later subtracted from the acquired images.
