ABSTRACT
We will study the scalar diffraction theory, acoustic-wave and radio-wave propagation, and physical optics. Different mathematical models of diffraction which lead to the Fourier transform in two dimensions are discussed. Such transforms are known as the optical transforms, which are presented for rectangular and circular apertures, and Talbot images are described in detail. X-rays, their related electromagnetic spectrum, and the phenomenon of synchrotron radiation are described. Some important aspects of the nature of light are also presented.
