ABSTRACT
Infertility is a common healthcare problem affecting nearly 15% of couples. Although previous studies have focused on female factors as the primary cause, current research indicates that about 25% of cases are exclusively caused by a male factor, and nearly 30-40% of all infertility cases have direct contributions from male factor insufciency [1]. Several research groups have also noted a steady decrease in sperm quality over the past 50 years, further contributing to male factor infertility [2,3].
