ABSTRACT
Chapter 2 Insects 20 Order COLLEMBOLA (springtails) 20
Family SMINTHURIDAE 20 Family ONYCHIURIDAE 20
Order ORTHOPTERA (crickets and grasshoppers) 21 Family GRYLLOTALPIDAE (mole crickets) 21 Family GRYLLIDAE (true crickets) 21
Order DERMAPTERA (earwigs) 22 Family FORFICULIDAE 22
Order DICTYOPTERA (cockroaches and mantises) 23 Family BLATTIDAE (cockroaches) 23
Order HEMIPTERA (true bugs) 24 Family TINGIDAE (lace bugs) 24 Family MIRIDAE (capsid bugs or mirid bugs) 26 Family CERCOPIDAE (froghoppers) 28 Family FLATIDAE (planthoppers) 30 Family CICADELLIDAE (leafhoppers) 31 Family PSYLLIDAE (psyllids or suckers) 36 Family TRIOZIDAE 41 Family CARSIDARIDAE 43 Family SPONDYLIASPIDAE 44 Family ALEYRODIDAE (whiteflies) 45 Family APHIDIDAE (aphids) 49 Family ADELGIDAE 95
Family CERAMBYCIDAE (longhorn beetles) 130 Family CHRYSOMELIDAE (leaf beetles) 132 Family RHYNCHITIDAE 148 Family ATTELABIDAE (leaf-rolling weevils) 148 Family APIONIDAE 151 Family CURCULIONIDAE (true weevils and bark beetles) 152
Order DIPTERA (true flies) 170 Family TIPULIDAE (crane flies) 170 Family BIBIONIDAE (St Mark’s flies) 172 Family CHIRONOMIDAE (non-biting midges) 173 Family SCIARIDAE (fungus gnats or sciarid flies) 173 Family CECIDOMYIIDAE (gall midges) 174 Family SYRPHIDAE (drone flies or hover flies) 189 Family TEPHRITIDAE 192 Family PSILIDAE 193 Family EPHYDRIDAE 194 Family DROSOPHILIDAE 194 Family AGROMYZIDAE 195 Family ANTHOMYIIDAE 206
Order LEPIDOPTERA (butterflies and moths) 208 Family ERIOCRANIIDAE 208 Family HEPIALIDAE (swift moths) 210 Family NEPTICULIDAE 212 Family TISCHERIIDAE 214 Family INCURVARIIDAE 215 Family COSSIDAE 216 Family CASTNIIDA 217 Family ZYGAENIDAE 218 Family LYONETIIDAE 219 Family HIERO ESTIDAE 222 Family GRACILLARIIDAE 223 Family PHYLLOCNISTIDAE 234 Family SESIIDAE (clearwing moths) 235 Family CHOREUTIDAE 236 Family YPONOMEUTIDAE 237 Family COLEOPHORIDAE (casebearer moths) 246 Family OECOPHORIDAE 248 Family GELECHIIDAE 251
Order TRICHOPTERA (caddis flies) 354
Family LIMNEPHILIDAE 354 Order HYMENOPTERA (ants, bees, sawflies and wasps) 355
Family PAMPHILIIDAE 355 Family ARGIDAE 356 Family CIMBICIDAE 359 Family DIPRIONIDAE 360 Family TENTHREDINIDAE 361 Family CYNIPIDAE (gall wasps) 393 Family EULOPHIDAE 402 Family EURYTOMIDAE 402 Family FORMICIDAE (ants) 403 Family VESPIDAE 403 Family ANDRENIDAE 403 Family MEGACHILIDAE 404
Chapter 3 Mites 405 Family PHYTOPTIDAE (gall mites) 405 Family ERIOPHYIDAE (gall mites and rust mites) 406 Family TARSONEMIDAE 423 Family TETRANYCHIDAE (spider mites) 426 Family TENUIPALPIDAE (false spider mites) 432 Family SITEROPTIDAE 432 Family ACARIDAE 433
Family ARMADILLIDIIDAE 434 Family ONISCIDAE 435 Family PORCELLIONIDAE 435
Millepedes 436 Family BLANIULIDAE (spotted snake millepedes) 436 Family POLYDESMIDAE (flat millepedes) 436 Family IULIDAE (snake millepedes) 437
Symphylids 437 Family SCUTIGERELLIDAE 437
Nematodes 438 Slugs and snails 441
To Iona and Xakiera
