ABSTRACT

EMBRYOLOGY 1. Which one of the following is the most likely effect of interference with the zone

of polarizing activity in the developing limb? A. A truncated limb B. An absent limb C. A limb with absent fingernails

D. A limb with abnormal ulnar development E. A limb with a hypoplastic thumb

CLASSIFICATION OF CONGENITAL ANOMALIES 2. For each of the following clinical conditions, select the correct congenital

classification descriptor according to the International Federation of Societies for Surgery of the Hand classification system. (Each option may be used once, more than once, or not at all.)

A. Syndactyly B. Streeter’s syndrome C. Trigger thumb

Options: a. Failure of formation b. Failure of differentiation c. Duplication d. Overgrowth

e. Undergrowth f. Constriction band syndrome g. Generalized h. Does not fit into a classification category

CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS FOR CONGENITAL LIMB ABNORMALITIES 3. Which one of the following is predominantly classified according to radiologic

features rather than clinical findings? A. Thumb hypoplasia B. Constriction ring syndrome C. Macrodactyly

D. Syndactyly E. Thumb duplication

SYNDACTYLY 4. A 2-month-old baby with complex syndactyly involving all four fingers is referred to

you. Which one of the following statements is correct regarding this condition? A. The term complex implies additional hidden phalanges or joint anomalies. B. Radiographs will reliably predict the subtype of syndactyly. C. Correctional surgery can be performed in a single stage. D. A Buck-Gramko stiletto flap is the only reliable technique for correcting a tip deformity. E. This pattern of syndactyly is often associated with a syndrome.