Introduction

Freshwater habitats such as ponds, lakes,  streams, rivers, bogs, swamps, and marshes are important components of the world. The diversity of organisms in these biotopes is important both ecologically and economically. Freshwater biomes are large communities of plants and animals centered around water with less than 1% salt concentration. Aquatic plants, such as algae, diatoms,

and rooted  macrophytes, use nutrients, light, and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen that, once released, is dissolved directly into the water. They also remove unwanted toxins found in the water, which could be harmful to the surrounding fish. The structure and composition of benthic communities in freshwater ecosystems is an excellent bioindicator of pollution and habitat quality.