ABSTRACT
Recent advances in medical imaging and image data processing, combined with advances in additive manufacturing technologies and the introduction of a wider spectrum of biocompatible materials, are changing the medical device world. Patient-specic devices for use as surgical planning models, surgical guides, and implantable devices are being manufactured using additive manufacturing. The geometric design freedom offered by additive manufacturing has made possible the creation of complex implantable devices that can be adapted to individual requirements and the region of implantation. Surgeons can now choose from an array of patient-specic devices promising better performance, precise t, and a reduction in precious surgical time. Processes such
14.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 370 14.1.1 Why Additive Manufacturing? ................................................................................. 371
14.2 Methodology for Manufacturing Patient-Specic Devices .................................................. 372 14.2.1 Product Realization Process ..................................................................................... 372
14.2.1.1 Data Acquisition ........................................................................................ 373 14.2.1.2 Data Processing ......................................................................................... 374
14.2.2 Applications of AM Technologies ............................................................................ 374 14.2.2.1 Anatomical Model Manufacturing ............................................................ 374 14.2.2.2 Surgical Guides .......................................................................................... 376 14.2.2.3 Implants ..................................................................................................... 377
14.2.3 Materials ................................................................................................................... 378 14.2.3.1 Bioceramics ............................................................................................... 378 14.2.3.2 Polymers..................................................................................................... 378 14.2.3.3 Metals and Metal Alloys ............................................................................ 379
14.2.4 Need for a New Generation of Implants ................................................................... 381 14.2.4.1 Requirements for the Next Generation of Implants ................................... 381
14.2.5 Implantable Products ................................................................................................ 382 14.2.5.1 Bioresorbable Polymer Scaffolds ............................................................... 382 14.2.5.2 Non-Resorbable Polymer Implants ............................................................384 14.2.5.3 Metallic Implants .......................................................................................384
