ABSTRACT
A review of currently pursued additive manufacturing methods of permanent magnets for application at different length scales ranging from thin lms for microelectromechanical systems to bulk magnets for electrical motors is presented. The scope for additive manufacturing of permanent magnets using electron beam melting and selective laser melting systems is also outlined. The case for designing a new additive manufacturing system by combining magnetron sputtering and computer-aided design for high-performance permanent magnet thin lms is presented. Recent progress in deposition methods for improving the magnetic properties such as a high coercivity eld (Hc), large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, and a high magnetic energy density product of Nd2Fe14B-based rare earth magnets is reviewed so as to provide a standard framework for permanent magnet development using additive manufacturing technologies. Overall, additive manufacturing is expected to change the landscape by offering new ways for more efcient use of rare earths in permanent magnets and by combining the two processes of microstructure development and design in desired geometries to minimize manual intervention.
