ABSTRACT
Vaginal bleeding in childhood is a rare but serious condition and should always be evaluated promptly. The main causes of vaginal bleeding in children are listed in Box 1 and Figure 1. Algorithm for vaginal bleeding in childhood. https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780429159565/acd60e8a-9055-4273-a67b-7fd38ef6ae43/content/fig11_1.tif"/> Common causes of vaginal bleeding in childhood
Foreign body
Vulvovaginitis
Trauma, which may or may not be associated with sexual abuse
Tumour / neoplasms
Haemangioma of vulva
Benign papilloma of vagina
Functional ovarian cyst
Sarcoma botryoides / embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma
Germ cell tumours – endodermal sinus tumours / yolk sac tumours
Granulosa cell tumour of the ovary
Hormonal
Precocious puberty
Exposure to exogenous oestrogen / sex steroids
Dermatological
Lichen sclerosus
Urogenital
Urethral prolapse
Haemorrhagic cystitis
Bleeding diathesis
