A Combined Effect of Ultrasound Cavitation on Adsorption Kinetics in Removal of 4-[(4-Dimethyl Amino Phenyl) Phenyl-Methyl]-N, N-Dimethyl Aniline Along With Bio-Adsorbent

Wastewater from fabric and yarn dyeing impose serious environmental problems, because of their color and their potential toxicity. The release of colored wastewaters in the ecosystem is a dramatic source of aesthetic pollution, eutrophication, and perturbations in aquatic life. Dye pollutants in wastewaters are the principal source of environmental aqueous contamination. Their removal from water is thus ecologically necessary to offer a cleaner environment as a requirement for human health and has attracted the most wanted attention of environmentalists, technologists, and entrepreneurs. Effluent streams generated by different industries such as textile, tannery, food, printing, pulp and paper, etc., contain dyes as one of the most commonly observed componentimparting obnoxious color to the effluent streams [1-3]. Discharge of effluent streams containing dyes into the natural streams is harmful to the aquatic life and also in long run to the human beings. Removal of dyes from wastewaters is a complex problem because of the difficulty in treating such wastewaters by conventional treatment methods. A variety of physical, chemical and biological methods are presently available for the treatment of wastewater discharged from various industries. Conventional methods of the treatment of dye wastewater include adsorption, [4] chlorination and ozonation, [5, 6] electrochemical methods, [7, 8], biological methods, [9-11] and chemical oxidation [12, 13]. Recently, photocatalysis has been successfully used to oxidize many organic pollutants and particularly to decolorize and mineralize dyes [14-18]. In the past, various attempts have been made to develop effective treatment technologies for dye bearing wastewaters, but no single solution has been found to be satisfactory [19]. Each technique has its own limitations such as generation of secondary effluent, hazardous intermediate products and slow rates of degradation. Thus, research into techniques for effective removal of dyes from the effluent stream holds promise and the present work deals with removal of dyes using adsorption and ultrasound cavitation as one of the approaches for the effective removal of dyes. Over the past two decades, sonochemical degradation of organic pollutants in water has been extensively investigated [20-24]. The chemical effects of sonication arise from acoustic cavitation, namely the formation, growth, and implosive collapse of bubbles in a liquid, which produces unusual chemical and physical environments. The collapse of bubbles generates localized “hot spots” with transient temperature of about 5,000 K, pressures of about 1,000 atm [25]. Under such extreme conditions water molecules dissociated into OH radical and H radical. The radical species can either recombine or react with other molecules to induce sonochemical degradations.