Coupled Nature-Human (CNH) Systems: Generic Aspects of Human Interactions with Blooms of Florida Red Tide (Karenia brevis) and Implications for Policy Responses

Coupled nature-human (CNH) systems are now the focus of a growing number of interdisciplinary research programs worldwide (Liu et al. 2007a).1

As implied by the term “coupled”, these systems involve interactions between nature and humans, often affecting the dynamic characteristics of each component. Natural and social scientists supported by the US National

Marine Policy Center, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. Email: phoagland@whoi.edu

1The CHANS-Net website facilitates worldwide communication of CNH research: https:// chans-net.org/.