ABSTRACT
Cryptography is literally dened as the process of writing or reading secret messages,* whereas cryptanalysis is the breaking of those secret messages. However, the term cryptography has evolved from its origins of just data condentiality (secret messages) to include methods for integrity, authenticity, and nonrepudiation. A common misnomer is interchanging the terms “encryption” and “cryptography”— they are not equivalent, as encryption is one of many cryptographic mechanisms. As was provided in Chapter 1, for security basics and for the purposes of this book, we provide the following basic denitions of cryptography:
◾ Algorithms are a set of rules for mathematical calculations or other problemsolving operations including cryptographic processes. Ciphers are a method for making information secret, which includes encryption algorithms, but not all cryptographic algorithms are necessarily ciphers, and some provide authentication, nonrepudiation, or key management services.
