ABSTRACT
Symbol Definition Units A area ሺ݈݁݊݃ݐ݄ଶሻ Cୡcontraction coefficient ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ C୴velocity coefficient ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐
ܿ. ܣ center of area ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ܿ. ܲ center of pressure ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐
d diameter ሺ݈݁݊݃ݐ݄ሻ F pressure force ሺ݂ݎܿ݁ሻ
ܨbuoyancy force ሺ݂ݎܿ݁ሻ f friction factor ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ݃ acceleration due to gravity ሺ݈݁݊݃ݐ݄ሻሺݐ݅݉݁ଶሻ H head loss ሺ݈݁݊݃ݐ݄ሻ h height ሺ݈݁݊݃ݐ݄ሻ
ሶ݉ mass flow rate ሺ݉ܽݏݏሻሺݐ݅݉݁ሻ
P static pressure ሺ݂ݎܿ݁ሻሺ݈݁݊݃ݐ݄ଶሻ
ܲatmospheric pressure ሺ݂ݎܿ݁ሻሺ݈݁݊݃ݐ݄ଶሻ
ܲ resultant pressure ሺ݂ݎܿ݁ሻ
ሺ݈݁݊݃ݐ݄ଶሻ
ܳ volumetric flow rate ሺ݈݁݊݃ݐ݄ ଷሻ
ሺݐ݅݉݁ሻ
ݍ dynamic pressure ሺ݂ݎܿ݁ሻሺ݈݁݊݃ݐ݄ଶሻ
ܴ specific gas constant ሺ݁݊݁ݎ݃ݕሻሺ݉ܽݏݏሻ · ሺݐ݁݉݁ݎܽݐݑݎ݁ሻ
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Symbol Definition Units ܴ Reynolds number ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ S specific gravity ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ T temperature ሺݐ݁݉݁ݎܽݐݑݎ݁ሻ V volume ሺ݈݁݊݃ݐ݄ଷሻ v velocity ሺ݈݁݊݃ݐ݄ሻሺݐ݅݉݁ሻ z depth ሺ݈݁݊݃ݐ݄ሻ
ߛ specific weight ሺ݂ݎܿ݁ሻሺ݈݁݊݃ݐ݄ଷሻ
ߛ௪specific weight of water ሺ݂ݎܿ݁ሻሺ݈݁݊݃ݐ݄ଷሻ ߠ angle ሺ݈ܽ݊݃݁ሻ ߤ dynamic viscosity ሺ݉ܽݏݏሻሺ݈݁݊݃ݐ݄ሻሺݐ݅݉݁ሻ
ߥ kinematic viscosity ሺ݈݁݊݃ݐ݄ ଶሻ
ሺݐ݅݉݁ሻ
ߩ density ሺ݉ܽݏݏሻሺ݈݁݊݃ݐ݄ଷሻ
ߩ௪ density of water ሺ݉ܽݏݏሻ
ሺ݈݁݊݃ݐ݄ଷሻ
ߪ surface tension ሺ݂ݎܿ݁ሻሺ݈݁݊݃ݐ݄ሻ
߭ specific volume ሺ݈݁݊݃ݐ݄ ଷሻ
ሺ݉ܽݏݏሻ
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ܲ ൌ ߩ · ܴ · ܶ
Pressure Force ܨ ൌ ܲ · ܣ
Specific Weight ߛ ൌ ݃ · ߩ
Specific Gravity ܵ ൌ ߩߩ௪ ൌ
ߛ ߛ௪
Specific Volume ߭ ൌ 1ߩ
Pressure Distribution in Fluid
ଶܲ െ ଵܲ ൌ ߛ · ሺݖଶ െ ݖଵሻ ଶܲ
ݖ
ଵܲ ൌ ܲ ߛ · ݖଵ
ଶܲ ൌ ܲ ߛ · ݖଶ
Buoyancy
ݖ
ߩଵ
ߩଶ
ܨ ൌ ݃ · ߩଶ · ଶܸ ݃ · ߩଵ · ଵܸ
for ߩଶ ߩଷ body floats for ߩଶ ൌ ߩଷ body remains suspended
Buoyancy Force
Conditions
ߩଶ ߩଵ
for ߩଶ ൏ ߩଷ body sinks
ݖ
݀ܣ
ܿ. ܲ ܿ. ܣ.
