ABSTRACT
A cell, although minuscule with a diameter of less than 50 μm, works wonders if you compare it to any human-made system. Moreover, it perpetuates itself using the information coded in its DNA. In case you ever had the thought of designing an artificial system that shows this type of sophistication, you would know the many insurmountable challenges such a system needs to overcome. A cell has a complicated internal system, containing many types of molecules and parts. To sustain the system, a cell needs to perform a wide variety of tasks-the most fundamental of which are to maintain its internal order, prevent its system from malfunctioning or breaking down, and reproduce or even improve the system-in an environment that is constantly changing.
