ABSTRACT
Integrated ecological and environmental management means that the environmental problems are viewed from a holistic angle considering the ecosystem as an entity and considering the entire spectrum of solutions including all possible combinations of proposed solutions. The experience gained from environmental management over the last 40 years has clearly shown that it is important not to consider solutions to single problems but to consider all the problems associated with a considered ecosystem simultaneously and evaluate all the possible solutions proposed by the relevant disciplines at the same time, or expressed differently: to observe the forest and not the single trees. The experience has clearly underlined that there is no alternative to an integrated management, at least not on a long-term basis. Fortunately, as presented in this chapter, new ecological subdisciplines have emerged and they offer tool boxes to perform an integrated ecological and environmental management.
