ABSTRACT
Research in nanomaterials is currently an area of intense scienti c interest, due to the wide range of potential applications in various elds, such as analytical chemistry and biochemistry. These materials not only have unique thermal, chemical, and mechanical properties, but they also have a high surface-to-volume ratio. However, besides their unique and exceptional properties, in some cases it is preferable to functionalize them for improving their characteristics. The functionalization of nanomaterials can be achieved with covalent and noncovalent modi cation techniques. Different carbon-based nanomaterials used for chemical analysis are shown in Figure 29.1 (Zhang et al., 2013).
