ABSTRACT
Carbon, from the Latin word carbo (coal), is a unique element that has an indispensible part in the entire organic chemistry. It shows an outstanding ability to make numerous members containing chains and ring networks by utilizing single, double, and triple bond formations. Carbon forms few allotropes such as diamond, graphite, fullerenes, amorphous carbon, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs); however, diamond and graphite are two usually obtained forms at ambient conditions. It has been delineated that diamond contains sp3-bonded carbon atoms arranged in a tetrahedral lattice with sigma bonds resulting to one of the hardest of all natural materials. On the contrary, graphite is a very soft and delicate material composed of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms in planar hexagonal rings (Mukhopadhyay and Gupta 2013).
