ABSTRACT
Physiological anatomy e liver contributes about 2% of the total body weight. It contains 50,000-100,000 lobules, constructed around the central vein connecting to the hepatic vein and into the inferior vena cava.10 Surrounding the hepatic lobule is the portal triad, formed from the tributaries of the bile duct, the portal vein, and the hepatic artery.11 It receives blood supply from two sources: the portal vein (75%) and the
hepatic artery (25%). Most of the liver is covered by the peritoneum.10 Approximately 10% of the total blood volume is stored in the liver at any given time.10 is volume can increase two-to threefold in cases of elevated right atrial pressure. e liver lies close to the abdominal wall on its right and lateral anterior surface.12 Its diaphragmatic aspect (superior, right, and anterior borders) forms the convex surface of the liver lying beneath the diaphragm and is separated from its visceral (inferior) border by a sharp narrow inferior border. e gall bladder is located in the inferior surface approximately 4-5 cm to the right of the midline.12 e projections of the liver on the body surface have acquired added signicance in the performance of a transhepatic approach. e projections vary depending upon the position of the individual as well as the body build, especially the conguration of the thorax. In the erect position, the liver extends downward to the 10th or 11th rib in the right midaxillary line. Here, the pleura projects downward to the 10th rib and the lung to the 8th. e inferior margin of the liver crosses the costal arch in the right lateral body line, approximately at the level of the pylorus (transpyloric line). In the horizontal position, the projection of the liver moves a little upward.11
