ABSTRACT
Women who smoke and have pre-invasive disease of the lower genital tract should be advised to stop smoking and offered smoking cessation support. Diagnosis is often made by chance during the treatment of squamous pre-invasive disease, which commonly coexists with Adenocarcinoma. Destroying the transformation zone does not allow this, so it is mandatory to establish the diagnosis by taking a small biopsy before treatment. A systematic review of the surveys undertaken to find out if women were ready for the new screening protocol reported women to have concerns about human papillomavirus (HPV) diagnosis and associated problems of disclosure of sexually transmitted infections and its impact on relationships. HPV infection is the essential prerequisite for the development of cervical malignancy. The overwhelming majority of HPV infections will not lead to the development of cancer. The cell-mediated arm of the adaptive immune response is responsible for clearing HPV.
