ABSTRACT
Tests of fetal wellbeing can be grouped by method into biochemical tests of placental function, evaluation of fetal activity/fetal movements, ultrasound-based techniques including Doppler ultrasound and evaluation of fetal heart rate traces. This chapter considers the role of these techniques in identifying fetal compromise. Tests of fetal wellbeing in the antenatal period aim to reduce perinatal morbidity and mortality and infant morbidity by correctly identifying fetal compromise in utero so that appropriate intervention can be instigated. Evidence regarding the tests to confirm fetal wellbeing or suspect fetal compromise is of variable quality. Potential causes of fetal compromise may be acute or chronic and include: impaired maternal nutrient or oxygen supply, uteroplacental dysfunction, impaired blood supply to the fetus and fetal anaemia. Since fetal wellbeing is to a large extent dependent on placental function, one way of evaluating fetal wellbeing is to assess placental function.
