ABSTRACT
This chapter examines the use of ultrasound in the assessment of early pregnancy and diagnosis of miscarriage, including its limitations. Miscarriage is the most common complication of early pregnancy. Its effects are both physical and psychological, and may be immediate or long term in their nature. Historically miscarriage was associated with significant maternal morbidity and mortality. Various risk factors are known to modulate one’s risk of miscarriage. While thrombophilias are associated with an increased risk of recurrent miscarriage, it is unclear whether a causative association with sporadic miscarriage exists. The management of miscarriage should be individualised, taking into account the wishes of the woman as well as the clinical situation. Medical management is more likely to be successful for incomplete miscarriage than delayed miscarriage, as is the case for expectant management. Expectant and medical management have the benefits of avoiding planned surgery and anaesthesia.
