ABSTRACT
This chapter examines some disorders of the lower urinary tract which are seen less often. Bladder Pain Syndrome (BPS) has a strong relationship with other pain syndromes, such as irritable bowel syndrome, fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. The prevalence of chronic bladder pain in the general population due to benign conditions is at least 19 percent. Due to the lack of consensus relating to the definition and classification of BPS, the aetiology remains obscure. Confusable diseases can be mistaken for BPS or BPS may coexist together with other disorders, such as chronic or remitting urinary infections or endometriosis. In motivated patients, behavioural therapy has been noted to be efficacious in treating urinary frequency and urgency without any side effects. Urinary diversion with or without cystectomy may be the ultimate option for refractory patients. Damage to the urinary tract at the time of pelvic surgery is an important consideration for all gynaecological surgeons.
