ABSTRACT
Abstract. Breeding, molting, fall and spring staging, and wintering habitats of the sea duck tribe Mergini are described based on geographic locations and distribution in North America, geomorphology, vegetation and soil types, and freshwater and marine characteristics. The dynamics of habitats are discussed in light of natural and anthropogenic events that shape areas important to sea ducks. Strategies for sea duck habitat management
are outlined and recommendations for international collaboration to preserve key terrestrial and aquatic habitats are advanced.
