ABSTRACT
Since the ventricular system is a natural cavity lending itself to visual exploration, many initial neuroendoscopic procedures were related to hydrocephalus and paraventricular lesions. While this is still the case today, neuroendoscopy is also used in the brain cisterns, pathological cysts, spine and spinal canal, skull base, and cranium. Importantly, the endoscope is used increasingly to assist in open operative neurosurgical procedures to see closer, at a different angle, or through a smaller incision.
