ABSTRACT
Various techniques exist for access to peritoneal organs each with purported advantages. Transperitoneal urologic surgery may include adrenal, renal, ureteral, and pelvic procedures. Precise location of port placement for specific procedures is covered elsewhere in this book. Here we review the basic principles governing laparoscopic access including Veres needle, open minilaparotomy (Hasson), optical visualized ports, and direct trocar placement.
