ABSTRACT
The introduction of endovascular transluminal techniques for treating arterial stenosis has had a profound impact on the role of surgery for renal artery stenosis (RAS). The majority of patients with renal artery disease are currently treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and intraarterial stents. Open surgical revascularization remains the best option for patients with branch renal artery disease, renal artery aneurysm, or in cases of failed or complicated endovascular procedures. When used in properly selected patients, open surgical revascularization provides excellent long-term outcomes in patients with renal artery disease.1 Atherosclerosis accounts for most cases of RAS, while fibrous dysplasia accounts for fewer cases. Other rare causes include renal artery aneurysm, arteriovenous malformations, neurofibromatosis, middle aortic syndrome, and Takayasu arteritis.
