ABSTRACT
The ideal bladder replacement or augmentation component for reconstruction of the lower urinary tract has long been a challenge to the urologist. The most common reasons for performing augmentation cystoplasty in the pediatric population have been for a high pressure, poorly compliant bladder, and/or inadequate bladder volumes. In such scenarios the lower tract can either negatively affect the kidneys or render the patient incontinent. Most commonly children who might require augmentation have bladder dysfunction associated with neurogenic bladder, posterior urethral valves, bilateral ureteral ectopia, or the bladder exstrophy complex.
