ABSTRACT
Embolization of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) has developed over the last four decades from an experimental treatment reported by Lussenhop and Spence in 1960 (1), to a standard component of the multimodal armamentarium used for the treatment of AVMs (2). Initial therapies were developed to embolize feeding arterial pedicles during surgery. Subsequently, plastic microsphere embolics were developed and delivered through a transcervical carotid route. Since then, principles of embolization have evolved in tandem with the development of endovascular technologies. Flow-directed microcatheters provide for routine deployment of embolic material close to or within the nidus. Embolic material science has allowed for a transition from solid and particulate materials to liquid embolics. Embolization is a vital modality either separately or as an adjunct to radiosurgery or microsurgery for treatment and hence obliteration of AVMs. In this chapter we provide an overview of the indications, techniques, complications, and outcomes of endovascular management of AVMs.
