ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION As the population ages, and patients presenting for surgery are increasingly elderly with numerous comorbidities, perioperative management is becoming ever more challenging. Some of the most serious comorbidities involve the cardiovascular system, and cardiovascular disease is an extremely important contributor to risk. Perioperative myocardial ischemia or infarction has major implications for overall surgical outcome. A clear understanding of the armamentarium of approaches available to anticipate or recognize these serious complications is key to successful anesthetic management.
