ABSTRACT
Anxiety (6%) Arthralgia (>1%) Asthenia (6%) Back pain (>1%) Bronchitis (>1%) Cough (>1%) Death (<0.1%) Depression (5%) Dizziness (3%) Dysgeusia (>1%) Dysphagia (<1%) Fever (<1%) Headache (>1%) Infections (sic) (>1%) Insomnia (7%) Leg cramps (<1%) Lymphadenopathy Myalgia (>1%) Myopathy (<0.1%) Oral ulceration (<0.1%) Pain (3%) Paresthesias (2%) Pharyngitis (2%) Phlebitis (<1%) Rhinitis (>1%) Seizures (<1%) Sialorrhea (<0.1%) Suicide (attempted) (>1%) Syncope (>1%) Tinnitus (<1%) Tremor (>1%) Twitching (<0.1%) Vaginitis (<1%) Vertigo Xerostomia (2%)
Other common trade names: Alprox; APO-Alpraz; Cassadan; Kalma; Nu-Alprax; Ralozam; Tafil Indications: Anxiety, depression, panic attacks Category: Benzodiazepine anxiolytic Half-life: 11-16 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: alcohol, aprepitant, clarithromycin, CNS depressants, delavirdine, digoxin, efavirenz, fluconazole, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, grapefruit juice, indinavir, itraconazole, ivermectin, kava, ketoconazole, propoxyphene, ritonavir, saquinavir, St John’s wort, telithromycin
Reactions
Skin Acne [1] Allergic reactions (sic) [1] Dermatitis (3.8%) [5] Diaphoresis (15.8%) Edema (4.9%) Exanthems [1] Photosensitivity [4] Phototoxicity [2] Pruritus [2] Purpura Rash (sic) (10.8%) [4] Urticaria Xerosis [1]
Other Dysgeusia (<1%) [1] Galactorrhea Gynecomastia Headache Oral ulceration Paresthesias (2.4%) Pseudolymphoma [1] Seizures [1] Sialopenia (32.8%) Sialorrhea (4.2%) Tinnitus Xerostomia (14.7%) [5]
Other common trade names: Amineurin; Domical; Laroxyl; Lentizol; Levate; Novotriptyn; Saroten; Tryptanol; Tryptizol Indications: Depression Category: Antimigraine; Tricyclic antidepressant Half-life: 10-25 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: amprenavir, clonidine, ephedra, epinephrine, eucalyptus, guanethidine, isocarboxazid, linezolid, MAO inhibitors, phenelzine, quinolones, sparfloxacin, St John’s wort, tranylcypromine
Limbitrol is amitriptyline and chlordiazepoxide
Reactions
Skin Acne Allergic reactions (sic) (<1%) Angioedema [1] Bullous eruption (<1%) [1] Dermatitis [1] Dermatitis herpetiformis [1] Diaphoresis (1-10%) [1] Edema [1] Erythema Erythema annulare centrifugum [1] Erythroderma [1] Exanthems Exfoliative dermatitis Facial edema Fixed eruption [1] Lichen planus [1] Lupus erythematosus [1] Necrosis [1] Petechiae Photosensitivity (<1%) [3] Pigmentation [3] Pruritus [3] Purpura [2] Rash (sic) Urticaria Vasculitis [1]
Hair Hair – alopecia (<1%) [1]
Eyes Nystagmus [1]
Cardiovascular Congestive heart failure [1] Flushing QT prolongation [1] Torsades de pointes [1]
Other Ageusia Anaphylactoid reactions Black tongue Bromhidrosis Depression [1] Dysgeusia (>10%) Galactorrhea (<1%) Glossitis Gynecomastia (<1%) Headache Hypersensitivity [1] Lymphoid hyperplasia [1] Oral mucosal eruption [1] Paresthesias Parkinsonism Pseudolymphoma [2] Rhabdomyolysis [1] Seizures [1] Sialopenia [1] Sialorrhea Stomatitis [1]
Tinnitus Tongue edema
Vaginitis Xerostomia (>10%) [4]
Trade name: Amytal Other common trade names: Amytal Sodium; Isoamitil Sedante; Neur-Amyl; Novambarb; Sodium Amytal Indications: Insomnia, sedation Category: Anticonvulsant; Barbiturate sedative-hypnotic Half-life: initial: 40 minutes; terminal: 20 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: alcohol, dicumarol, ethanolamine, warfarin
Reactions
Skin Acne Angioedema Bullous eruption Erythema [1] Exanthems Exfoliative dermatitis (<1%) Photosensitivity Purpura Rash (sic) (<1%) Stevens-Johnson syndrome (<1%)
Toxic epidermal necrolysis [1] Urticaria (<1%)
Other Headache Hypersensitivity Injection-site pain (>10%) Rhabdomyolysis [1] Serum sickness Thrombophlebitis (<1%)
Trade name: Amoxapine (Watson) Other common trade names: Amoxan; Asendis; Defanyl; Demolox Indications: Depression Category: Tricyclic antidepressant Half-life: 11-30 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: amprenavir, clonidine, epinephrine, guanethidine, isocarboxazid, linezolid, MAO inhibitors, phenelzine, quinolones, sparfloxacin, tranylcypromine
Reactions
Skin Acne
Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) [3]
Diaphoresis (1-10%) Edema (>1%) Erythema multiforme (observation) [1] Exanthems [2] Neuroleptic malignant syndrome [1] Neutrophilic dermatosis [1] Petechiae Photosensitivity (<1%) Pruritus (<1%) [1] Purpura Rash (sic) (>1%) Side effects (sic) (5.1%) [1] Toxic epidermal necrolysis [2] Urticaria (<1%) Vasculitis (<1%) [1] Xerosis
Hair Hair – alopecia (<1%)
Flushing
Other Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [1]
Black tongue Bromhidrosis Dysgeusia (>10%) Galactorrhea (<1%) [2] Glossitis Gynecomastia (<1%) Headache Paresthesias (<1%) Pseudoparkinsonism Sialorrhea Stomatitis Tinnitus Tremor Vaginitis Xerostomia (14%) [1]
Trade name: Alurate (Roche) Indications: Short-term sedation, sleep induction Category: Barbiturate Half-life: 14-34 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: alcohol, brompheniramine, buclizine, dicumarol, ethanolamine, warfarin
Reactions
Skin Angioedema Exanthems Exfoliative dermatitis Purpura Rash (sic)
Stevens-Johnson syndrome Urticaria
Other Rhabdomyolysis [1] Serum sickness
Other common trade name: Abilitat Indications: Schizophrenia Category: Antipsychotic Half-life: 75-94 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: carbamazepine, ketoconazole, quinidine
Reactions
Skin Acne Candidiasis Cheilitis Chills Diaphoresis Eczema Exanthems Exfoliative dermatitis Flu-like syndrome Neuroleptic malignant syndrome Peripheral edema Pruritus Psoriasis Rash (sic) (6%) Seborrhea Ulcerations Upper respiratory infection Urticaria Vesiculobullous eruption Xerosis
Hair Hair – alopecia
Eyes Blepharitis Lacrimation Xerophthalmia
Cardiovascular ECG changes (abnormalities) [1]
Other Akathisia (10%) [1] Anxiety (15%)
Arthralgia Bone or joint pain Cough (3%) Depression Dysgeusia Fever (2%) Gingival hemorrhage Gingivitis Glossitis Gynecomastia Headache Hiccups Hyperesthesia Mastodynia Myalgia Myasthenia Oral candidiasis Oral ulceration Oral vesiculation Phlebitis Priapism Rhabdomyolysis Seizures Sialorrhea Stomatitis Tendinitis Thrombophlebitis Tinnitus Tongue edema Tremor (3%) Twitching Vulvovaginal candidiasis Xerostomia
Indications: Depression, anxiety Category: Antidepressant Half-life: N/A
Deprol is benactyzine and meprobamate
Note: Most of the adverse reactions are due to meprobamate (which see)
Reactions
Skin Angioedema Bullous eruption Edema Erythema multiforme Exanthems [1] Exfoliative dermatitis Fixed eruption Petechiae Pruritus
Urticaria
Hematopoietic Ecchymoses
Other Anaphylactoid reactions Paresthesias Stomatitis Xerostomia
Trade name: Didrex (Pfizer) Other common trade name: Inapetyl Indications: Adjunct to diet plan to reduce weight Category: Anorexiant; CNS Stimulant; Sympathomimetic amine Half-life: N/A Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: furazolidone, guanethidine, MAO inhibitors, SSRIs
Reactions
Skin Allergic reactions (sic) Diaphoresis Erythema Rash (sic) Urticaria
Hair Hair – alopecia
Cardiovascular Flushing
Other Anxiety Depression (following withdrawal) Dizziness Gynecomastia Headache Hypersensitivity Myalgia Tremor Xerostomia
Family: Rutaceae Trade and other common names: Bergamottin; Earl Grey tea; Florida Water; Kananga Water; Neroli oil; Oil of bergamot Category: Mild stimulant Purported indications and other uses: Headache, bronchitis, vitiligo, mycosis fungoides, psoriasis (in conjunction with UVA), insecticide, essential oil in perfumery, cosmetics, flavoring Half-life: N/A
*Note: two distinct species are known by the common name of bergamot. This profile does not refer to Monarda didyma
Reactions
Skin Adverse effects (sic) [1] Berloque dermatitis [2] Bullous eruption [1] Burning [1] Dermatitis [2]
Erythema [1] Photosensitivity [3] Phototoxicity [7] Pigmentation [1] Tumors [1] Vesiculation [1]
Note: Oil of bergamot possesses photosensitive and melanogenic properties because of the presence of furocoumarins, primarily bergapten (5-methoxypsoralen [5-MOP]). Its use is restricted or banned in many countries
Scientific names: Actaea macrotys; Actaea racemosa; Cimicifuga racemosa Family: Ranunculaceae Trade and other common names: Baneberry; Black Snake root; Bugbane; Bugwort; Macrotys; Rattletop; Rattleweed; Remifemin (PhytoPharmica/Enzymatic Therapy; Schaper & Brummer); Shengma; Squawroot Category: Phytoestrogen Purported indications and other uses: Anxiety, arthritis, asthma, cardiovascular and circulatory problems, climacteric, menstrual and premenstrual disorders, colds, cough, constipation, depression, kidney disorders, malaria, sore throat, tinnitus Half-life: N/A Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: estrogens, salicylates, tamoxifen
Reactions
Skin Diaphoresis [2]
Jaundice [1] Petechiae (forearms)
Other Arthralgia (overdose)
Mastodynia [1] Seizures [3] Tremor (overdose)
Note: In 2001, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists stated that black cohosh might be helpful in the short term (6 months or less) for women with vasomotor symptoms of menopause
Scientific name: Caulophyllum thalictroides Family: Berberidaceae Trade and other common names: Beechdrops; Blue ginseng; Blueberry root; Papoose root; Squawroot; Yellow ginseng Category: Anthelmintic; Antispasmodic diuretic; Diaphoretic; Expectorant; Oxytocic Purported indications and other uses: Rheumatism, dropsy, epilepsy, hysteria, uterine inflammation, thrush, menopause, headache, sexual debility, aphthous stomatitis, laxative, colic, sore throat, hiccups Half-life: N/A Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: cardioactive drugs
Reactions
Skin Allergic reactions (sic) Diaphoresis [1]
Other Mucosal irritation Myalgia [1] Shock [1]
Note: Cohosh is from the Algonquin word ‘rough’, referring to the appearance of the roots. It is a toxic herb and should not be confused with the safer, unrelated herb, Black Cohosh
Trade names: Wellbutrin (GSK); Zyban (GSK) Indications: Depression, aid to smoking cessation Category: Aid to smoking cessation; Heterocyclic antidepressant Half-life: 14 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: cyclosporine, isocarboxazid, phenelzine, ritonavir, tranylcypromine, trimipramine
Reactions
Skin Acne (1-10%)
Angioedema Diaphoresis (5%) [2]
Exanthems (<0.1%) [2] Exfoliative dermatitis Lupus panniculitis [1] Peripheral edema [1] Photosensitivity (<0.1%) Pruritus (4%) [3] Rash (sic) (4%) [2] Stevens-Johnson syndrome Urticaria [11] Xerosis (1-10%)
Hair Hair – alopecia (<1%) [1] Hair – hirsutism (1-10%) Hair – pigmentation (<1%)
Hematopoietic Ecchymoses (<0.1%)
Cardiovascular Chest pain [1] Flushing (4%) Hot flashes
Other Anaphylactoid reactions [1] Arthralgia [1] Ballism [1] Bromhidrosis
Death [2] Delusions [1] DRESS syndrome [1] Dysgeusia (4%) [1] Gingivitis Glossitis Gynecomastia (<1%) Hallucinations [1] Headache Hyperesthesia (<0.1%) Hypersensitivity [5] Myalgia (6%) [2] Oral edema (<1%) Paresthesias (2%) Parkinsonism [1] Priapism [1] Psychosis [1] Rhabdomyolysis [1] Seizures [15] Serum sickness [8] Sialorrhea Stomatitis (>1%) Tinnitus Tongue edema (0.1%) [1] Tremor (>10%) [1] Twitching (2%) Vaginitis Xerostomia (up to 64%) [12]
Trade name: BuSpar (Bristol-Myers Squibb) Other common trade names: Ansail; Apo-Buspirone; Bespar; Biron; Busirone; Bustab; Kallmiren; Narol; Neurosine; Nu-Buspirone Indications: Anxiety Category: Nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytic tranquilizer; Serotonin antagonist Half-life: 2-3 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: grapefruit juice, nefazodone, ritonavir, St John’s wort
Reactions
Skin Acne (<0.1%)
Bullous eruption (<1%) Diaphoresis [1]
Facial edema (1%) Hypomelanosis [1] Photo-recall [1] Pruritus (1%) Pseudoparkinsonism [1] Purpura (1%) Rash (sic) (<1%) Seborrheic dermatitis [1] Urticaria (<1%) Xerosis (1%)
Hair Hair – alopecia (1%) [2]
Nails Nails – thinning (<0.1%)
Hematopoietic Ecchymoses
Congestive heart failure [1] Flushing
Other Dysgeusia (<1%) Galactorrhea (<0.1%) Glossodynia Glossopyrosis Headache Myalgia Paresthesias (1%) [1] Parkinsonism [1] Parosmia (1%) Serotonin syndrome [2] Sialorrhea Sicca syndrome [1] Tinnitus Xerostomia (3%)
Trade names: Butalan; Buticaps; Butisol (MedPointe) Other common trade name: Day-Barb Indications: Sedation Category: Sedative-hypnotic barbiturate Half-life: 40-140 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: alcohol, antihistamines, ardeparin, argatroban, brompheniramine, buclizine, chlorpheniramine, dalteparin, danaparoid, dicumarol, enoxaparin, ethanolamine, heparin, imatinib, tinzaparin, warfarin
Reactions
Skin Acne Angioedema (<1%) Bullous eruption [1] Erythema multiforme [1] Exanthems [1] Exfoliative dermatitis (<1%) [1] Fixed eruption [1] Herpes simplex Lupus erythematosus [2] Necrosis [1] Photosensitivity [1] Pruritus
Purpura [1] Rash (sic) (<1%) Stevens-Johnson syndrome (<1%) Toxic epidermal necrolysis [1] Urticaria Vasculitis
Other Oral ulceration Porphyria variegata Rhabdomyolysis [1] Thrombophlebitis (<1%)
Other common trade names: Amaphen; Anoquan; Axotal; Butace; Fioricet; Marnal; Medigesic; Phrenilin; Tecnal Indications: Tension headaches Category: Sedative-analgesic barbiturate Half-life: 35 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: alcohol, dicumarol
Reactions
Skin Bullous eruption [1] Erythema multiforme [2] Exanthems [1] Exfoliative dermatitis (<1%) [1] Fixed eruption [1] Herpes simplex Lupus erythematosus [2] Necrosis [1] Photosensitivity [1] Pruritus Purpura [1] Rash (sic) (1-10%)
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (<1%) Toxic epidermal necrolysis [1] Urticaria [1] Vasculitis
Other Anaphylactoid reactions (1-10%) Headache Oral erythema multiforme [1] Oral ulceration Porphyria variegata Rhabdomyolysis [1]
Trade name: Stadol (Bristol-Myers Squibb) Other common trade names: Biforal; Busphen; Stadol NS Indications: Pain, migraine Category: Analgesic; Narcotic Half-life: 2.5-4 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: cimetidine
Reactions
Skin Clammy skin Diaphoresis (1-10%) Edema (<1%) Exanthems Gooseflesh Pruritus (1-10%) [2] Rash (sic) (<1%) Urticaria (<1%)
Cardiovascular Flushing (1-10%)
Other Dysgeusia (3-9%) Headache Injection-site reactions (sic) Paresthesias Tinnitus Xerostomia (3-9%)
Other common trade names: Apo-Carbamazepine; Atreol; Foxsalepsin; Kodapan; Lexin; Mazepine; Sirtal; Tegretol XR; Teril; Timonil Indications: Epilepsy, pain or trigeminal neuralgia Category: Anticonvulsant; Antimanic; Antineuralgic; Antipsychotic Half-life: 18-55 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: acetylcysteine, adenosine, aprepitant, aripiprazole, caffeine, charcoal, clarithromycin, clorazepate, clozapine, delavirdine, diltiazem, doxacurium, erythromycin, felodipine, fosamprenavir, imatinib, influenza vaccines, midazolam, solifenacin, St John’s wort, telithromycin, troleandomycin, verapamil, voriconazole
Reactions
Skin Acne keloid [1] Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) [5]
Adverse effects (sic) [1] Allergic reactions (sic) [5] Angioedema (<1%) [4] Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome [8]
Bullous eruption (<1%) [4] Collagen disease [1] Dermatitis [7] Diaphoresis (1-10%) Eczema [2] Edema Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis (Ofuji’s disease) [1]
Epidermolysis bullosa [1] Erythema (sheet-like) Erythema [1] Erythema multiforme [17] Erythema nodosum (<1%) Erythroderma [12] Exanthems (>5%) [25] Exfoliative dermatitis [22] Facial edema [1] Fixed eruption (<1%) [9] Lichenoid eruption [6] Linear IgA dermatosis [1] Lupus erythematosus [29]
Lymphoma [2] Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki syndrome) [2]
Mycosis fungoides [3] Pemphigus [1] Peripheral edema [2] Petechiae [1] Photosensitivity [9] Pigmentation Pruritus (<1%) [6] Pseudo-mycosis fungoides [1] Psoriasis [1] Purpura [8] Pustules [5] Rash (sic) (>10%) [14] Schamberg’s disease Side effects (sic) [2] Stevens-Johnson syndrome (1-10%) [32] Toxic epidermal necrolysis (1-10%) [37] Toxic pustuloderma (probably AGEP [ed]) [3]
Toxic-allergic shock [1] Toxicoderma [1] Urticaria [12] Vasculitis [5]
Hair Hair – alopecia [6]
Nails Nails – discoloration (bluish-black) [1]
Nails – loss [1] Nails – onychomadesis [1]
Eyes Dyschromatopsia [1] Periorbital edema [1]
Cardiovascular Bradycardia [3] Coronary artery disorders [1] Tachycardia [1]
Other Acute intermittent porphyria [5] Death [1] DRESS syndrome [5] Dysgeusia [1] Fetal anticonvulsant syndrome [1] Glossitis Headache
Lymphoproliferative disease [5] Mania [1] Mucocutaneous eruption [4] Oral lichenoid eruption [1] Oral mucosal eruption [1] Oral ulceration [2] Porphyria cutanea tarda [1] Porphyria variegata [1] Pseudolymphoma [15] Rhabdomyolysis [1] Seizures [2] Serum sickness [1] Stomatitis test Thrombophlebitis Tinnitus Tongue ulceration [2] Xerostomia
Synonyms: chloral; hydrated chloral Trade names: Aquachloral; Noctec Other common trade names: Chloraldurat; Medianox; Novochlorhydrate; Somnox; Welldorm Indications: Insomnia, sedation Category: Sedative-hypnotic Half-life: 8-11 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: antihistamines, azatadine, azelastine, brompheniramine, buclizine, chlorpheniramine, clemastine, dexchlorpheniramine, diphenhydramine, meclizine, tripelennamine
Reactions
Skin Acne [2] Angioedema [2] Bullous eruption [1] Dermatitis [2] Eczema [1] Erythema [1] Erythema multiforme [2] Exanthems [3] Fixed eruption [5]
Lichenoid eruption [1] Perioral dermatitis [1] Pruritus [2] Purpura [2] Rash (sic) (1-10%) Ulcerations [1] Urticaria (1-10%) [2]
Cardiovascular Flushing [1]
Acute intermittent porphyria Death [2] Dysgeusia
Hypersensitivity Oral lesions [2] Oral ulceration [1] Stomatitis [1]
Trade names: Libritabs (Valeant); Librium (Valeant); Limbitrol (Valeant) Other common trade names: Corax; Huberplex; Medilium; Mitran; Multum; Novopoxide; Psicofar; Reposans-10; Solium; Tropium Indications: Anxiety Category: Antianxiety; Antipanic; Antitremor ; Benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic Half-life: 6-25 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: chlorpheniramine, clarithromycin, efavirenz, esomeprazole, imatinib, indinavir, ketoconazole, nelfinavir, ritonavir
Limbitrol is amitriptyline and chlordiazepoxide
Reactions
Skin Angioedema (<1%) [2] Dermatitis (1-10%) Diaphoresis (>10%) Edema (1-10%) Erythema multiforme (<1%) [5] Erythema nodosum (<1%) [2] Exanthems [2] Fixed eruption (<1%) [6] Lupus erythematosus [3] Photosensitivity [6] Pigmented purpuric eruption [1] Pruritus [1] Purpura [5] Rash (sic) (>10%) [1] Urticaria [4]
Vasculitis [2]
Hair Hair – alopecia [3]
Other Acute intermittent porphyria [1] Galactorrhea [3] Gynecomastia [1] Headache Injection-site phlebitis Paresthesias Porphyria [1] Sialopenia (>10%) Sialorrhea (1-10%) Xerostomia (>10%)
Indications: Anxiety Category: Antianxiety Half-life: 24 hours
Reactions
Skin Edema Erythema multiforme Exanthems [2] Fixed eruption [13] Peripheral edema Pruritus [1] Rash (sic) [1] Stevens-Johnson syndrome [2] Toxic epidermal necrolysis [8]
Urticaria
Cardiovascular Flushing
Other Acute intermittent porphyria Death Dysgeusia [1] Xerostomia [1]
Trade name: Thorazine (GSK) Other common trade names: Chloractil; Chlorazin; Chlorpromanyl; Esmino; Largactil; NovoChlorpromazine; Ormazine; Propaphenin; Prozin Indications: Psychosis, manic-depressive disorders Category: Phenothiazine antipsychotic Half-life: initial: 2 hours; terminal: 30 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: alcohol, antihistamines, arsenic, chlorpheniramine, dofetilide, epinephrine, evening primrose, guanethidine, quinolones, sparfloxacin
Note: The prolonged use of chlorpromazine can produce a gray-blue or purplish pigmentation over light-exposed areas. This is a result of either dermal deposits of melanin, a chlorpromazine metabolite, or to a combination of both. Chlorpromazine melanosis is seen more often in women
Reactions
Skin Angioedema (<1%) [1] Bullous eruption (<1%) [1] Dermatitis [1] Erythema multiforme (<1%) [1] Exanthems (>5%) [8] Exfoliative dermatitis [1] Fixed eruption (<1%)
Hypohidrosis (>10%) Lichenoid eruption [1] Lupus erythematosus [11] Miliaria [1] Peripheral edema Photosensitivity (1-10%) [22] Phototoxicity [6] Pigmentation (<1%) [14]
Pustules [1] Rash (sic) (1-10%) Seborrheic dermatitis [4] Toxic epidermal necrolysis (<1%) [2] Urticaria [5] Vasculitis [3] Xerosis
Nails Nails – photo-onycholysis [1] Nails – pigmentation [4]
Eyes Cataract [1] Corneal opacity [1]
Cardiovascular Hypotension [1] QT prolongation [1]
Other Anaphylactoid reactions (<1%) [1] Death [1] Galactorrhea (1-10%) Gynecomastia (1-10%) Headache Injection-site aseptic necrosis Mastodynia (1-10%) Oral mucosal eruption Oral pigmentation Oral ulceration Polyarteritis nodosa [1] Priapism (<1%) [2] Pseudolymphoma [1] Tremor [1] Xerostomia (1-10%)
Synonym: nitalapram Trade name: Celexa (Forest) Indications: Depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder Category: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) Half-life: 33 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: isocarboxazid, MAO inhibitors, phenelzine, selegiline, St John’s wort, sumatriptan, tramadol, tranylcypromine, trazodone
Reactions
Skin Cellulitis Dermatitis Diaphoresis (11%) [2] Eczema Exanthems [1] Facial edema Hypohidrosis Neuroleptic malignant syndrome [1] Photosensitivity Pigmentation [1]
Pruritus (<10%) [1] Pruritus ani et vulvae Psoriasis [1] Purpura [1] Rash (sic) (<10%) Urticaria Vasculitis [1] Xerosis
Hair Hair – alopecia Hair – hypertrichosis
Cardiovascular Bradycardia [1] Hot flashes Hypotension [1] QT prolongation [1] Torsades de pointes [1]
Other Anxiety [1] Bruxism [1] Death [4] Dizziness [1] Dysgeusia Galactorrhea [1]
Gynecomastia Headache [1] Hyperesthesia Mastodynia Myalgia (>2%) Paresthesias Parkinsonism [1] Priapism (clitoral) [4] Serotonin syndrome [6] Sialorrhea [1] Stomatitis Tremor (jaw) [1] Twitching [1] Xerostomia (20%) [2]
Trade name: Anafranil (Mallinckrodt) Other common trade names: Anafranil Retard; Apo-Clomipramine; Clofranil; Clopress; Placil Indications: Obsessive-compulsive disorder Category: Tricyclic antidepressant Half-life: 21-31 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: amprenavir, arbutamine, clonidine, epinephrine, formoterol, guanethidine, isocarboxazid, linezolid, MAO inhibitors, phenelzine, quinolones, sparfloxacin, tranylcypromine
Reactions
Skin Acne (2%) Allergic reactions (sic) (<3%) Cellulitis (2%) Cheilitis Chloasma Dermatitis (2%) [1] Diaphoresis (29%) [2] Edema (2%) Erythema Exanthems Folliculitis Photosensitivity (<1%) [3] Pigmentation (pseudocyanotic) [1]
Pruritus (6%) Psoriasis Purpura (3%) Pustules Rash (sic) (8%) Seborrhea Urticaria (1%) Vasculitis Xerosis (2%)
Hair Hair – alopecia (<1%) Hair – alopecia areata [1] Hair – hypertrichosis
Flushing (8%) QT prolongation [1]
Other Ageusia Black tongue Dysgeusia (8%) Galactorrhea (<1%) Gingivitis Glossitis
Headache Mastodynia (1%) Myalgia (13%) Paresthesias Sialorrhea Stomatitis Tongue ulceration Vaginitis (2%) Xerostomia (84%) [4]
Trade name: Klonopin (Roche) Other common trade names: Clonex; Iktorivil; Landsen; Lonazep; Rivotril Indications: Petit mal and myoclonic seizures Category: Benzodiazepine anticonvulsant Half-life: 18-50 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: amprenavir, chlorpheniramine, clarithromycin, efavirenz, esomeprazole, imatinib, indinavir, nelfinavir, oxycodone
Reactions
Skin Allergic reactions (sic) (1-10%) Angioedema [1] Dermatitis (1-10%) Diaphoresis (>10%) Erythema multiforme [1] Exanthems [1] Facial edema Hypermelanosis [1] Peripheral edema Pruritus Pseudo-mycosis fungoides [1] Purpura [1] Rash (sic) (>10%) Urticaria
Hair Hair – alopecia [1]
Hair – hirsutism
Other Black tongue [1] Burning mouth syndrome [1] Death [1] Dysgeusia [1] Gingivitis Headache Injection-site phlebitis Injection-site thrombosis Oral mucosal eruption [1] Oral ulceration Paresthesias Pseudolymphoma [2] Sialopenia (>10%) Sialorrhea (1-10%) Xerostomia (>10%) [1]
Other common trade names: Gen-XENE; Novoclopate; Transene; Tranxal; Tranxen; Tranxilen; Tranxilium Indications: Anxiety and panic disorders Category: Anxiolytic ; Benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic Half-life: 48-96 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: amprenavir, antacids, carbamazepine, carmustine, chlorpheniramine, clarithromycin, efavirenz, esomeprazole, imatinib, indinavir, itraconazole, ketoconazole, MAO inhibitors, midazolam, moclobemide, nelfinavir, phenytoin, sucralfate, theophylline, warfarin
Reactions
Skin Dermatitis (1-10%) Diaphoresis (>10%) Exanthems [1] Photosensitivity [1] Pruritus Purpura Rash (sic) (>10%) Urticaria [1] Vasculitis [1] Vesiculation [1]
Nails Nails – photo-onycholysis [1]
Other Headache Oral ulceration Paresthesias Porphyria [1] Sialopenia (>10%) Sialorrhea (1-10%) Tremor Xerostomia (>10%)
Trade name: Clozaril (Novartis) Other common trade names: Entumin; Entumine; Leponex; Lozapin; Sizopin Indications: Schizophrenia Category: Tricyclic antipsychotic Half-life: 8-12 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: caffeine, carbamazepine, fluoxetine, guarana, risperidone, ritonavir, selenium
Reactions
Skin Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet’s syndrome) [1]
Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) [1]
Allergic reactions (sic) [1] Dermatitis (<1%) Diaphoresis (6%) [4] Eczema (<1%) [1] Edema (<1%)
Exanthems [1] Facial erosions [1] Lupus erythematosus [1] Neuroleptic malignant syndrome [4] Nodular eruption [1] Petechiae (<1%) [1] Photosensitivity [1] Pruritus (<1%) Purpura (<1%) Rash (sic) (2%) Stevens-Johnson syndrome (<1%) Urticaria (<1%) Vasculitis (<1%)
Eyes Periorbital edema (<1%)
Atrial fibrillation [1] Congestive heart failure [1]
Other Death [5] Diabetes mellitus [1] Dysgeusia (<1%) Fever [1] Glossodynia (1%) Headache Mastodynia (<1%) Priapism [4] Rhabdomyolysis [2] Seizures [4] Sialorrhea (31%) [19] Tardive dyskinesia [1] Tremor (1-10%) [1] Xerostomia (6%) [3]
Trade name: Cocaine Indications: Topical anesthesia Category: Substance abuse drug; Topical anesthetic Half-life: 75 minutes Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: epinephrine
Note: Cocaine is a benzoylmethylecogonine alkaloid derived from the leaves of the Erythroxylon coca tree. Street names for cocaine include: coke; flake; snow; toot, etc. Crack cocaine is a highly potent smokable form of cocaine
Reactions
Skin Angioedema [2] Bullous eruption [1] Diaphoresis Formication Granulomas (foreign body) [1] Hyperkeratosis (fingers and palms) [1] Necrosis [3] Nodular eruption [1] Scleroderma (reversible) [3] Stevens-Johnson syndrome [1]
Urticaria [1] Vasculitis [1] Warts (snorters’ warts) [1]
Cardiovascular Angina [2] Chest pain [2] Coronary artery disorders [6]
Other Ageusia (>10%) Anosmia (>10%)
Gingival ulceration [1] Injection-site scarring [1] Nasal septal perforation [3] Necrosis of palate [1]
Priapism [2] Rhabdomyolysis [11] Thrombophlebitis [1] Tremor (1-10%)
Scientific names: Symphytum asperum; Symphytum officinale; Symphytum x uplandicum; Symphytum. peregrinum Family: Boraginaceae Trade and other common names: Ass ear; Blackwort; Boneset ; Bruisewort; consolida; consormol; consound; gum plant; knitback; Knitback; Knitbone; nipbone; Russian comfrey; Slippery Root; Wallwort Category: Carminative Purported indications and other uses: Leaf: Gastric and duodenal ulcer, rheumatic pain, gout, arthritis. Topical: poultice for bruises, sprains, athlete’s foot, crural ulcers, mastitis, varicose ulcers. Root: Gastric and duodenal ulcers, hematemesis, colitis, diarrhea. Topical: ulcers, wounds, fractures, hernia Half-life: N/A Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: eucalyptus
Reactions
Other Budd-Chiari syndrome [3] Death [2]
Toxicity [1] Tumors [1]
Note: The FDA warns that comfrey contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids that can cause cirrhosis and liver failure when taken orally in high doses. It is banned in Germany and Canada. Topical application is safer and more effective; allantoin in comfrey stimulates cell proliferation, accelerating wound healing
Deprexan; Nebril; Nortimil; Pertofran; Pertofrane; Petylyl; PMSDesipramine Indications: Depression Category: Tricyclic antidepressant Half-life: 7-60 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: amprenavir, arbutamine, clonidine, epinephrine, fluoxetine, formoterol, guanethidine, isocarboxazid, linezolid, MAO inhibitors, phenelzine, quinolones, sparfloxacin, tranylcypromine
Reactions
Skin Acne Allergic reactions (sic) (<1%) [2] Angioedema [1] Diaphoresis (1-10%) [1] Edema Erythema Exanthems [5] Exfoliative dermatitis [1] Petechiae [1] Photosensitivity (1.4%) [1] Pigmentation (blue-gray) (photosensitive) [2]
Pruritus [4] Purpura [2] Rash (sic) [1] Side effects (sic) [1] Urticaria [3] Vasculitis Xerosis
Hair Hair – alopecia (<1%) [1]
Hematopoietic Ecchymoses [1]
Cardiovascular Flushing [1]
Other Black tongue Bromhidrosis Dysgeusia (>10%) Galactorrhea (<1%) Gynecomastia (<1%) Hypersensitivity Mucous membrane desquamation [1] Paresthesias Pseudolymphoma [2] Stomatitis Tinnitus Xerostomia (>10%) [3]
Indications: Sedation for intensive care unit intubation Category: Alpha-adrenoceptor blocker; Sedative Half-life: 2 hours
Reactions
Skin Diaphoresis (<1%) Infections (2%) Xerosis
Eyes Photopsia (<1%)
Other Pain (3%) Sialopenia [1]
Trade names: Adderall (Shire ); Dexedrine (Alliant) Other common trade names: Dexamphetamine; Dexamphetamini; Dextrostat; Ferndex; Oxydess Indications: Narcolepsy, attention deficit disorder (ADD) Category: Amphetamine; Central nervous system stimulant Half-life: 10-12 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, MAO inhibitors, paroxetine, phenelzine, sertraline, tranylcypromine
Reactions
Skin Chills Diaphoresis (1-10%) Rash (sic) (<1%) Toxic epidermal necrolysis [1] Urticaria (<1%)
Other Dysgeusia Headache Rhabdomyolysis [10] Xerostomia (1-10%)
Other common trade names: Assival; Dialar; Diapax; Diazemuls; Ducene; E-Pam; Meval; Novazam; Solis; Vivol Indications: Anxiety Category: Anxiolytic; Benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic Half-life: 20-70 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: alcohol, amprenavir, barbiturates, chlorpheniramine, clarithromycin, CNS depressants, efavirenz, esomeprazole, eucalyptus, fluoroquinolones, imatinib, indinavir, ivermectin, macrolide antibiotics, MAO inhibitors, methadone, nalbuphine, narcotics, nelfinavir, phenothiazines, ritonavir, SSRIs
Reactions
Skin Acne [1] Allergic reactions (sic) [2] Angioedema [1] Bullous eruption [1] Dermatitis (1-10%) [3] Diaphoresis (>10%) Eczema [1] Exanthems [6] Exfoliative dermatitis [2] Fixed eruption (<1%) [2] Granuloma disciformis (Miescher) [1] Melanoma [1] Peripheral edema [1] Pigmentation [2] Pruritus [1] Purpura [4] Rash (sic) (>10%) [1] Urticaria [1] Vasculitis [1]
Nails Nails – parrot-beak [1]
Cardiovascular Flushing [1] Hypotension [1]
Other Anaphylactoid reactions [1] Dizziness [1] Gynecomastia [3] Headache Hypersensitivity [1] Injection-site pain [1] Injection-site phlebitis (>10%) [2] Paresthesias Porphyria [2] Porphyria variegata Rhabdomyolysis [1] Sialorrhea Tongue furry Xerostomia (>10%)
Trade name: Tenuate (Sanofi-Aventis) Other common trade names: Anorex; Linea; Nobesine; Prefamone; Regenon; Tenuate Retard; Tepanil Indications: Weight reduction Category: Anorexiant; CNS stimulant Half-life: 4-6 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, MAO inhibitors, paroxetine, phenelzine, sertraline, tranylcypromine
Reactions
Skin Diaphoresis (<1%) Erythema (<1%) Erythema multiforme [1] Exanthems (<1%) Pruritus (<1%) Purpura (<1%) Rash (sic) Scleroderma [2] Systemic sclerosis [1] Urticaria
Hair Hair – alopecia (<1%)
Hematopoietic Ecchymoses
Cardiovascular Flushing (<1%)
Other Dysgeusia Gynecomastia Headache Myalgia (<1%) Tremor Xerostomia
Trade names: Allermax; Benadryl (Pfizer); Benylin; Compoz; Sominex 2; Valdrene Other common trade names: Allerdryl; Allermin; Banophen; Benahist; Dibrondrin; Dolestan; Genahist; Insomnal; Nytol; Resmin; Sediat Indications: Allergic rhinitis, urticaria Category: Antidyskinetic; Antiemetic; Antihistamine; Sedative-hypnotic Half-life: 2-8 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: alcohol, anticholinergics, chloral hydrate, CNS depressants, glutethimide, MAO inhibitors
Reactions
Skin Allergic reactions (sic) [1] Angioedema (<1%) [1] Dermatitis [4]
Diaphoresis Eczema [2] Edema (<1%) Exanthems [1]
Photosensitivity (<1%) [4] Pruritus [3] Purpura [1] Rash (sic) (<1%) Toxic epidermal necrolysis [3] Urticaria Vasculitis [1]
Other Anaphylactoid reactions [4]
Hypersensitivity Injection-site gangrene [1] Injection-site necrosis [1] Myalgia (<1%) Paresthesias (<1%) Rhabdomyolysis [3] Tinnitus Tremor Xerostomia (1-10%)
Trade name: Antabuse (Odyssey) Other common trade names: Antabus; Busetal; Esperal; Nocbin; Refusal; Tetradin Indications: Alcoholism Category: Deterrent to alcohol consumption Half-life: N/A Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: alcohol, anisindione, anticoagulants, capsicum, cyclosporine, dicumarol, ethanolamine, ethotoin, fosphenytoin, mephenytoin, metronidazole, phenytoin, warfarin
Reactions
Skin Acne [3] Adverse effects (sic) (from beer-containing shampoo) [1]
Allergic reactions (sic) Bullous eruption [2] Dermatitis [16] Diaphoresis (<1%) (with alcohol) Eczema [2] Exanthems [2] Fixed eruption (<1%) [3] Purpura [1] Pustules [1] Rash (sic) (1-10%) Recall reaction (nickel) [4]
Toxic epidermal necrolysis [1] Urticaria [3] Vasculitis [1] Yellow palms [1]
Cardiovascular Atrial fibrillation [1] Flushing (<1%) (with alcohol) [4]
Other Dysgeusia (metallic or garlic aftertaste) (110%)
Headache Hypogeusia Paresthesias Periarteritis nodosa [2]
Trade name: Aricept (Eisai) (Endo) Indications: Mild dementia of the Alzheimer’s type Category: Cholinergic ; Reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor for Alzheimer’s disease Half-life: 50-70 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: galantamine
Reactions
Skin Dermatitis (<1%) Diaphoresis (>1%) Erythema (<1%) Facial edema (<1%) Hyperkeratosis (<1%) Neurodermatitis (<1%) Neuroleptic malignant syndrome [1] Pigmentation (<1%) Pruritus (>1%) Purpura (1-10%) [1] Striae (<1%) Ulcerations (<1%) Urticaria (>1%)
Hair Hair – alopecia (<1%) Hair – hirsutism (<1%)
Eyes Periorbital edema (<1%)
Hematopoietic Ecchymoses (4%)
Cardiovascular Atrial fibrillation [1] Flushing [1]
Other Anxiety [1] Depression [1] Dizziness [1] Dysgeusia (<1%) Fatigue [1] Gingivitis (<1%) Headache [1] Paresthesias (<1%) Rhinitis [1] Tongue edema (<1%) Vaginitis (<1%) Xerostomia (<1%)
Trade name: Dopram (Baxter) Indications: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, drug-induced CNS depression Category: CNS stimulant; Respiratory stimulant Duration of action: 3.4 hours
Reactions
Skin Diaphoresis (<1%) Pruritus [1]
Cardiovascular Flushing [1]
Other Injection-site erythema
Paresthesias
Trade names: Sinequan (Pfizer); Zonalon (topical) (Bioglan) Other common trade names: Adapin; Alti-Doxepin; Anten; Aponal; Doneurin; Gilex; Mareen; Novo-Doxepin; Sinquan; Triadapin Indications: Mental depression, anxiety Category: Antipanic; Tricyclic antidepressant Half-life: 6-8 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: alcohol, amprenavir, arbutamine, cholestyramine, clonidine, CNS depressants, epinephrine, formoterol, guanethidine, isocarboxazid, linezolid, MAO inhibitors, phenelzine, QT interval prolonging agents, quinolones, selegiline, sparfloxacin, sympathomimetics, tranylcypromine
Reactions
Skin Allergic reactions (sic) Dermatitis (from topical) [14] Diaphoresis (1-10%) Edema Erythema Erythroderma [1] Exanthems [1] Peripheral edema [1] Photosensitivity (<1%) [2] Pruritus [1] Purpura [1] Rash (sic) [1] Toxic dermatitis [1] Urticaria Vasculitis
Hair Hair – alopecia (<1%)
Cardiovascular Flushing [1]
QT prolongation [1]
Other Aphthous stomatitis [1] Application-site burning Application-site edema Dysgeusia (>10%) Galactorrhea (<1%) Glossitis [1] Glossodynia [1] Gynecomastia (<1%) Headache Paresthesias Parkinsonism Pseudolymphoma [2] Rhabdomyolysis [1] Stomatitis [1] Tinnitus Tremor Xerostomia (>10%) [3]
Other common trade names: Dehydrobenzperidol; Droleptan; Inapsin; Sintodian Indications: Tranquilizer and antiemetic in surgical procedures Category: Antiemetic; Antipsychotic Half-life: 2.3 hours
Reactions
Skin Chills Diaphoresis Pruritus [1] Shivering
Cardiovascular QT prolongation [1]
Other Anxiety [1] Death [3] Seizures [1]
Trade name: Cymbalta (Lilly) Indications: Depression Category: Antidepressant; SSRI Half-life: 8-17 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, MAO inhibitors, paroxetine, quinidine, thioridazine
Reactions
Skin Acne (<1%) Diaphoresis (6%) Eczema (<1%) Erythema (<1%) Facial edema (<1%) Peripheral edema (<1%) Photosensitivity (<1%) Pruritus (<1%) Purpura (<1%) Rash (sic) (<1%)
Hair Hair – alopecia (<1%)
Hematopoietic Ecchymoses (<1%)
Cardiovascular Hot flashes (2%)
Other Abdominal pain (>2%) Anxiety (3%) Arthralgia (>2%) Asthenia [1] Back pain (>2%) Cough (>2%) Dizziness (9%) [3] Dysphagia (<1%) Fatigue [1] Gingivitis (<1%) Headache (>2%) Pharyngitis (>2%) Phlebitis (<1%)
Scientific names: Ephedra equisetina; Ephedra intermedia; Ephedra sinica; Ephedra vulgaris Family: Gnetaceae Trade and other common names: Joint Fir; Ma Huang; Popotillo; Sea Grape; Teamster’s Tea; Yellow Astringent; Yellow Horse Category: Cardiovascular stimulant; CNS stimulant Purported indications and other uses: Bronchospasm, asthma, bronchitis, allergy, appetite suppressant, colds, flu, fever, chills, edema, headache, anhidrosis, diuretic, joint and bone pain Half-life: N/A Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: acetazolamide, amitriptyline, caffeine, corticosteriods, ephedrine, epinephrine, guanethidine, guarana, MAO inhibitors, olmesartan, phenelzine, phenylpropanolamine, selegiline, sibutramine, sodium bicarbonate
Reactions
Skin Adverse effects (sic) [3]
Cardiovascular Flushing
Other Death [3]
Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome [1] Hypersensitivity Seizures [4] Side effects (sic) [1] Tremor Xerostomia [1]
Note: The FDA has recently banned Ephedra because of serious side effects
Synonyms: Lu-26-054; S-Citalopram Trade name: Lexapro (Forest) Indications: Major depressive disorders, anxiety Category: Antidepressant; Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) Half-life: 27-32 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: alcohol, kava, MAO inhibitors, selegiline, St John’s wort, sumatriptan, valerian
Reactions
Skin Acne (<1%) Allergic reactions (sic) (1-10%) Chills (<1%) Dermatitis
Diaphoresis (5%) Eczema (<1%) Edema (<1%) Facial edema Flu-like syndrome (5%)
Peripheral edema Pruritus (<1%) Purpura (<1%) Rash (sic) (1-10%) Shivering Xerosis (<1%)
Hair Hair – alopecia (<1%)
Eyes Conjunctivitis (<1%)
Cardiovascular Flushing (<1%) Hot flashes (1-10%)
Other Anaphylactoid reactions Anxiety (<1%)
Bruxism (<1%) Cough (1-10%) Depression (<1%) Dizziness (5%) Dysgeusia (<1%) Headache Limb pain (<1%) Lipomatosis Myalgia (1-10%) Oral vesiculation (1-19%) Paresthesias (1-10%) Restless legs syndrome (<1%) Tic disorder (<1%) Tinnitus (1-10%) Toothache (1-10%) Tremor (1-10%) Twitching (<1%) Xerostomia (6%)
Trade name: ProSom Other common trade names: Domnamid; Esilgan; Eurodin; Kainever; Nuctalon; Tasedan Indications: Insomnia Category: Benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic Half-life: 10-24 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: indinavir, ritonavir
Reactions
Skin Acne (<1%) Allergic reactions (sic) (<1%) Chills (<1%) Dermatitis (<1%) Diaphoresis (1-10%) Edema (<1%) Photosensitivity Pruritus (1-10%) Purpura (<1%) Rash (sic) (>10%) Urticaria (1-10%) Xerosis (<1%)
Eyes Eyelid edema (<1%)
Cardiovascular Flushing (1-10%)
Other Dysgeusia (1-10%) Glossitis Gynecomastia (<1%) Myalgia (1-10%) Oral ulceration (<1%) Paresthesias (1-10%) Sialopenia (>10%)
Other common trade names: Arvynol; Nostel Indications: Insomnia Category: Sedative-hypnotic Half-life: 10-20 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: antihistamines, brompheniramine, buclizine, chlorpheniramine, clemastine, dexchlorpheniramine, meclizine, tripelennamine
Reactions
Skin Allergic reactions (sic) Bullous eruption (from overdose) [2] Diaphoresis Fixed eruption [1] Pruritus Purpura [1] Rash (sic) (1-10%) Urticaria
Other Acute intermittent porphyria Death Dysgeusia (>10%) Facial numbness Hypersensitivity Paresthesias Pressure necrosis [1]
Trade name: Zarontin (Pfizer) Other common trade names: Emeside; Ethymal; Petnidan; Pyknolepsinum; Simatin; Zarondan Indications: Absence (petit mal) seizures Category: Succinimide anticonvulsant Half-life: 50-60 hours
Reactions
Skin Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome [1]
Erythema multiforme (<1%) [1] Exanthems (1-5%) [2] Exfoliative dermatitis (<1%) Lupus erythematosus (>10%) [19] Pruritus Purpura [1]
Rash (sic) (<1%) Raynaud’s phenomenon [3] Side effects (sic) (3.4%) [1] Stevens-Johnson syndrome (>10%) [1] Urticaria (1-5%) [1]
Hair Hair – alopecia Hair – hirsutism
Other Acute intermittent porphyria
Headache Oral ulceration Tongue edema
Trade name: Peganone (Ovation) Other common trade name: Accenon Indications: Tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures Category: Hydantoin anticonvulsant Half-life: 3-9 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: chloramphenicol, cyclosporine, disulfiram, dopamine, imatinib, itraconazole
Reactions
Skin Bullous eruption Fixed eruption Lupus erythematosus Purpura [1]
Rash (sic)
Other Gingival hypertrophy Pseudolymphoma [1]
Trade name: Felbatol (MedPointe) Other common trade names: Felbamyl; Taloxa Indications: Partial seizures Category: Antiepileptic Half-life: 13-23 hours
Reactions
Skin Acne (3.4%) Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome [1]
Bullous eruption (<1%) Diaphoresis Edema Facial edema (3.4%) Idiosyncratic drug reactions [1] Lichen planus Livedo reticularis
Lupus erythematosus Photosensitivity (<0.01%) Pruritus (>1%) Purpura Pustules [1] Rash (sic) (3.5%) Stevens-Johnson syndrome [1] Toxic epidermal necrolysis [1] Urticaria (<1%)
Hair Hair – alopecia
QT prolongation [1]
Other Anaphylactoid reactions (<0.01%) Dysgeusia (6.1%) Foetor ex ore (halitosis)
Glossitis Headache Myalgia (2.6%) Oral edema (>1%) Paresthesias (3.5%) Thrombophlebitis Xerostomia (2.6%)
Trade names: Actiq (Cephalon); Duragesic (Janssen) Other common trade names: Beatryl; Durogesic; Fentanest; Leptanal; Sublimaze Indications: Chronic pain Category: Narcotic agonist analgesic Half-life: 1.5-6 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: amiodarone, amprenavir, atazanavir, cimetidine, indinavir, itraconazole, nelfinavir, ranitidine, ritonavir, saquinavir
Reactions
Skin Clammy skin (<1%) Diaphoresis (>10%) [3] Edema [1] Erythema (at application site) (<1%) [2] Exanthems Exfoliative dermatitis Fixed eruption [1] Papulo-nodular lesions (>1%) Pruritus (3-44%) [21] Purpura [1] Pustules (<1%) Rash (sic) (>1%) [2] Urticaria (<1%)
Cardiovascular Bradycardia [1] Flushing (3-10%) Hypotension [1]
Other Anaphylactoid reactions [4] Cough [2] Death [3] Dizziness [1] Dysesthesia (<1%) Dysgeusia (<1%) Headache Paresthesias (<1%) Xerostomia (>10%) [2]
Family: Asteraceae; Compositae Trade and other common names: Atamisa; Featerfoiul; Featherfew; Featherfoil; MIG-99; Santa Maria Category: Stimulant and tonic Purported indications and other uses: Fever, headache, migraine, menstrual irregularities, arthritis, psoriasis, allergy, asthma, tinnitus, vertigo, nausea, cold, earache, orthopedic disorders, swollen feet, diarrhea, dyspepsia Half-life: N/A Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: anticoagulants, NSAIDs, warfarin
Reactions
Skin Adverse effects (sic) (mild) [1] Allergic reactions (sic) [1] Angioedema (lips) [2] Dermatitis [2] Prurigo nodularis [1]
Other Ageusia [2] Bleeding [1] Oral ulceration [2]
Trade names: Prozac (Lilly); Sarafem (Warner Chilcott) Other common trade names: Adofen; Apo-Fluoxetine; Dom-Fluoxetine; Fluctin; Fluctine; Fludac; Fluoxac; Fluoxeren; Fluxil; Fontex Indications: Depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder Category: Antidepressant; Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) Half-life: 2-3 days Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: alprazolam, amphetamines, clarithromycin, clozapine, desipramine, dextroamphetamine, diethylpropion, duloxetine, erythromycin, haloperidol, imipramine, isocarboxazid, linezolid, lithium, MAO inhibitors, mazindol, meperidine, methamphetamine, midazolam, moclobemide, nortriptyline, phendimetrazine, phenelzine, phentermine, phenylpropanolamine, phenytoin, pimozide, pseudoephedrine, selegiline, serotonin agonists, sibutramine, St John’s wort, sumatriptan, sympathomimetics, tramadol, tranylcypromine, trazodone, tricyclic antidepressants, troleandomycin, tryptophan
Reactions
Skin Acne (<1%) Allergic reactions (sic) [1]
Angioedema [1] Bruising [1] Bullous eruption (<1%)
Dermatitis (<1%) Diaphoresis (8.4%) [1] Eczema (<1%) Erythema multiforme [1] Erythema nodosum (<1%) Exanthems (4%) [7] Exfoliative dermatitis Facial edema (<1%) Furunculosis (<1%) Herpes simplex (reactivation) [1] Herpes zoster Lichenoid eruption Lupus erythematosus (discoid) Mycosis fungoides (exacerbation) [1] Neuroleptic malignant syndrome [1] Nodular eruption Peripheral edema (<1%) Petechiae (<1%) Photosensitivity [1] Phototoxicity (<1%) [2] Pigmentation (<1%) Pruritus (2.4%) [3] Pseudo-mycosis fungoides [1] Psoriasis (<1%) [1] Purpura (<1%) Pustules (<1%) Rash (sic) (6%) [3] Raynaud’s phenomenon [1] Seborrhea (<1%) Stevens-Johnson syndrome [2] Toxic epidermal necrolysis [2] Ulcerations (<1%) Urticaria (4%) [5] Vasculitis [2] Xerosis
Hair Hair – alopecia (<1%) [10] Hair – hirsutism (<1%)
Atrial fibrillation [1] Bradycardia [1] Flushing (<2%) Hot flashes QT prolongation [1]
Other Ageusia (<1%) Anaphylactoid reactions (<1%) Aphthous stomatitis (<1%) Black tongue [1] Depression [1] Dysgeusia (1.8%) [1] Galactorrhea [1] Gingivitis (<1%) Glossitis (<1%) Glossodynia [1] Gynecomastia (<1%) [1] Headache (<27%) [2] Hyperesthesia (<1%) Hypersensitivity [1] Mastodynia (<1%) Myalgia (<1%) Oral ulceration (<1%) [1] Paresthesias [2] Parosmia (<1%) Priapism (<1%) Pseudolymphoma [3] Rhabdomyolysis [1] Serotonin syndrome [4] Serum sickness [2] Sialorrhea (<1%) Stomatitis (<1%) Thrombophlebitis (<1%) Tinnitus Tongue edema (<1%) Tremor (2-10%) Vaginal anesthesia [1] Xerostomia (12%) [5]
Other common trade names: Anatensol; Apo-Fluphenazine; Dapatum D25; Dapotum D; Fludecate; Modecate; Moditen Indications: Psychoses Category: Phenothiazine antipsychotic Half-life: 84-96 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: antihistamines, arsenic, chlorpheniramine, dofetilide, evening primrose, quinolones, sparfloxacin
Reactions
Skin Angioedema (<1%) Dermatitis Diaphoresis Eczema Edema Erythema Exanthems Exfoliative dermatitis Hypohidrosis (>10%) Lupus erythematosus [1] Peripheral edema Photosensitivity Pigmentation (<1%) (blue-gray) [1] Pruritus (<1%) Purpura Rash (sic) (1-10%) Seborrhea
Toxic epidermal necrolysis [1] Urticaria Vitiligo [2] Xerosis
Other Anaphylactoid reactions Galactorrhea (1-10%) Gynecomastia (1-10%) Headache Injection-site reactions Mastodynia (1-10%) Parkinsonism Priapism (<1%) [2] Rhabdomyolysis [1] Sialorrhea [1] Trembling (fingers) Xerostomia (<1%)
Trade names: Dalmane (Valeant); Flurazepam (Watson) Other common trade names: Apo-Flurazepam; Benozil; Dalmadorm; Flunox; Nergart; Novoflupam; Som Pam; Somnol; Valdorm Indications: Insomnia Category: Benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic Half-life: 40-114 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: amprenavir, chlorpheniramine, clarithromycin, efavirenz, esomeprazole, imatinib, indinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir
Skin Dermatitis (1-10%) Diaphoresis (>10%) Exanthems [1] Pruritus Purpura Rash (sic) (>10%) Urticaria
Cardiovascular Flushing
Other Acute intermittent porphyria Dysgeusia (3.4%) (metallic taste) [1] Headache Oral lesions [1] Paresthesias Sialopenia (>10%) Sialorrhea (1-10%) Xerostomia (>10%)
Trade name: Luvox (Solvay) Other common trade names: Apo-Fluvoxamine; Dumirox; Dumyrox; Faverin; Favoxil; Fevarin; Maveral Indications: Obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression Category: Antidepressant; Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) Half-life: 15 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: alprazolam, amphetamines, dextroamphetamine, diethylpropion, duloxetine, isocarboxazid, linezolid, MAO inhibitors, mazindol, methadone, methamphetamine, phendimetrazine, phenelzine, phentermine, phenylpropanolamine, pseudoephedrine, ropivacaine, selegiline, sibutramine, St John’s wort, sumatriptan, sympathomimetics, tacrine, theophyllines, tramadol, tranylcypromine, trazodone, troleandomycin, tryptophan
Reactions
Skin Acne (<1%) Allergic reactions (sic) (<1%) [1] Angioedema [1] Bullous eruption Dermatitis (<1%) Diaphoresis (<7%) [1] Edema (<1%) Exanthems Exfoliative dermatitis (<1%) Furunculosis (<1%) Neuroleptic malignant syndrome [1] Photosensitivity (<1%) [2] Pigmentation (<1%)
Pruritus Purpura (<1%) Rash (sic) Seborrhea (<1%) Stevens-Johnson syndrome Toxic epidermal necrolysis (<1%) [1] Urticaria (<1%) Xerosis (<1%)
Hair Hair – alopecia (<1%) Hair – alopecia areata [1]
Hematopoietic Ecchymoses (<1%)
Anaphylactoid reactions Dysgeusia (3%) Fatigue [1] Gingivitis (<1%) Glossitis (<1%) Headache Hyperactivity [1] Mastodynia (<1%)
Oral lesions (10%) [1] Paresthesias Parosmia (<1%) Priapism Serotonin syndrome [3] Sialorrhea Stomatitis (<1%) Vaginitis (<1%) [1] Xerostomia (<14%) [1]
Trade name: Cerebyx (Eisai) Indications: Seizure prophylaxis, status epilepticus Category: Anticonvulsant Half-life: 15 minutes Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: chloramphenicol, cyclosporine, disulfiram, dopamine, imatinib, itraconazole
Fosphenytoin is a prodrug of phenytoin
Reactions
Skin Acne (<1%) Bullous eruption [1] Chills Erythema multiforme (<1%) [1] Exanthems Exfoliative dermatitis (<1%) [1] Facial edema Lupus erythematosus [1] Pruritus (48.9%) [4] Rash (sic) (<1%) Stevens-Johnson syndrome Toxic epidermal necrolysis
Hematopoietic Ecchymoses
Other Application-site pain [1] Dysgeusia (3.3%) Gingival hypertrophy [1] Headache Hyperesthesia (2.2%) Paresthesias (4.4%) [2] Tongue disorder (sic) Xerostomia (4.4%)
Indications: Migraine headaches Category: 5-HT1 (serotonin) receptor agonist; Antimigraine Half-life: 26 hours
Reactions
Skin Bullous eruption (<1%) Cheilitis (<1%) Diaphoresis (1%) Pruritus (<1%) Purpura (<1%) Rash (sic)
Eyes Conjunctivitis (<1%)
Cardiovascular Flushing (4%) Hot flashes (<1%)
Other Arthralgia (<1%) Bone or joint pain (3%)
Depression (<1%) Dysesthesia (1%) Dysgeusia (<1%) Headache Hyperesthesia (<1%) Myalgia (<1%) Pain (1%) Paresthesias (4%) [1] Sialopenia (3%) Sialorrhea (<1%) Stomatitis (<1%) Tinnitus (1%) Toothache (1%) Tremor (<1%) Xerostomia
Trade name: Neurontin (Pfizer) Indications: Seizures Category: Anticonvulsant Half-life: 5-6 hours
Reactions
Skin Acne (>1%) Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet’s syndrome) [2]
Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome [1]
Bullous pemphigoid [1] Edema [3] Exanthems [2] Facial edema (<1%)
Peripheral edema (1.7%) [2] Pruritus (1.3%) Purpura (<1%) [1] Rash (sic) (>1%) Stevens-Johnson syndrome [1] Urticaria Vasculitis
Hair Hair – alopecia [1]
Dizziness [3] Foetor ex ore (halitosis) [1] Gingivitis (<1%) Glossitis Gynecomastia [1] Myalgia (2%) Myoclonus [1]
Priapism [1] Sialorrhea Stomatitis Tinnitus Tooth pigmentation Tremor (1-10%) [1] Xerostomia (1.7%)
Trade name: Reminyl (Janssen) Indications: Alzheimer’s disease Category: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor Half-life: 6-8 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: bethanechol, cimetidine, donepezil, edrophonium, physostigmine, pilocarpine, rivastigmine, succinylcholine, tacrine
Note: Derived from snowdrop (Galanthus sp) bulbs
Reactions
Skin Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) [1]
Edema Peripheral edema (>2%) Purpura (>2%) Upper respiratory infection (>2%)
Cardiovascular QT prolongation [1]
Other Depression (5%) [1] Headache [1] Paresthesias [1] Sialorrhea Tremor (1-10%) Xerostomia
Family: Ginkgoaceae Trade and other common names: Fossil Tree; Japanese Silver Apricot; Maidenhair Tree; Salisburia; Tanakan; Tebonin Category: Antidementia; Improved cognition Purported indications and other uses: Dementia, memory loss, headache, tinnitus, dizziness, mood disturbances, hearing disorders, intermittent claudication, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, premenstrual syndrome, heart disease Half-life: N/A Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: anticoagulants, aspirin, diuretics, NSAIDs, phenytoin, platelet inhibitors, SSRIs, St John’s wort, thiazide diuretics, trazodone, warfarin
Reactions
Skin Adverse effects (sic) [3] Allergic reactions (sic) Dermatitis [2] Erythema Exanthems [1] Pruritus Rash (sic) Vasculitis Vesiculation
Eyes Hyphema [1]
Other Phlebitis Rectal burning Seizures [4] Spontaneous bleeding [12] Stomatitis
Note: Ginkgo biloba is the oldest living tree species in the world. Ginkgo is the most frequently prescribed herbal medicine in Germany
Family: Araliaceae Trade and other common names: Asian Ginseng; Asiatic Ginseng; Chinese Ginseng; Japanese Ginseng; Jintsam; Korean Ginseng; Korean Red; Ninjin; Red Ginseng; Ren She; Sang; Seng Category: Immune stimulant Purported indications and other uses: General tonic, improving stamina, cognitive function, concentration, diuretic, antidepressant, gastritis, neurasthenia, impotence, fever, hangover, cancer, cardiovascular diseases Half-life: N/A Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: alcohol, aspirin, caffeine, digoxin, olmesartan, phenelzine, tamoxifen, ticlopidine, warfarin
Reactions
Skin Adverse effects (sic) [3] Allergic reactions (sic) Burning (sensation) [1] Edema Pruritus Stevens-Johnson syndrome [2]
Other Bleeding [4] Gynecomastia [1] Mastodynia [3] Penile pain Side effects (sic) [1]
Note: Ginseng has been used for medicinal purposes for more than 2000 years. Approximately 6,000,000 Americans use it regularly
Scientific names: Camellia sinensis; Camellia thea; Camellia theifera; Thea bohea; Thea sinensis; Thea viridis Family: Theaceae Trade and other common names: Chinese tea Category: Astringent; Improved cognition Purported indications and other uses: Improving cognitive performance, stomach disorders, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anticancer, headaches, Crohn’s disease. Topical: soothe sunburn, bleeding gums, reduce sweating Half-life: N/A Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: warfarin
Note: Tea is consumed as a beverage
Reactions
None
Other common trade names: Dozic; Duraperidol; Haloper; Peridol; Seranace; Serenace Indications: Psychoses, Tourette’s disorder Category: Phenothiazine antipsychotic; Sedative Half-life: 20 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: eucalyptus, fluoxetine, lithium, methotrexate, propranolol
Reactions
Skin Acne Cellulitis [1] Dermatitis (<1%) Diaphoresis [1] Exanthems Exfoliative dermatitis Neuroleptic malignant syndrome [6] Pemphigus foliaceus [1] Photo-recall [1] Photosensitivity (<1%) [3] Pigmentation (<1%) Pruritus (<1%) Purpura Rash (sic) (<1%) Seborrheic dermatitis [2] Urticaria
Hair Hair – alopecia (<1%) [1] Hair – alopecia areata [2] Hair – depigmentation [1]
Cardiovascular Flushing [1] QT prolongation [1] Torsades de pointes [2] Torsades de pointes [1]
Other Akathisia [2] Death [4] Galactorrhea (<1%) Gynecomastia (<1%) Headache Injection-site hypersensitivity [1] Injection-site pain [1] Injection-site reactions (sic) [3] Mastodynia Parkinsonism (pseudo) [1] Priapism (<1%) Rhabdomyolysis [2] Sialorrhea [1] Tardive dyskinesia (<37%) [1] Tremor [1] Xerostomia (<1%) [2]
Indications: Recreational drug Category: Diacetylmorphine; Semisynthetic narcotic; Substance abuse drug Half-life: N/A
Reactions
Skin Abscess [7] Acanthosis nigricans [2] Acne [1] Angioedema [1] Bullous impetigo [1] Burning (24%) [1] Candidiasis [3] Cellulitis [3] Dermatitis [1] Ecthyma [1] Ecthyma gangrenosum [1] Edema [4] Exanthems [2] Excoriations [1] Fixed eruption [2] Folliculitis (candidal) [4] Glucagonoma syndrome (necrolytic migratory erythema) [1]
Infections (13%) [1] Kaposi’s sarcoma [1] Necrosis [3] Necrotizing fasciitis [1] Pemphigus [1] Pemphigus erythematodes [1] Pemphigus vegetans [1] Perforating collagenosis [1] Photosensitivity [2]
Pigmentation [4] Pruritus [6] Purpura [1] Pustules [5] Side effects (sic) (85%) Toxic epidermal necrolysis [2] Ulcerations [4] Urticaria [3] Vasculitis [2] Vesiculation (arms) [1]
Eyes Eyelid edema [2]
Other Death [4] Hypersensitivity [1] Injection-site scarring [1] Injection-site ulceration [3] Myalgia [1] Necrotizing vasculitis (tongue) [1] Oral ulceration (tongue) [1] Polyarteritis nodosa [1] Rhabdomyolysis [9] Seizures (2%) [1] Serum sickness [1] Sweat gland necrosis [1] Tongue pigmentation (fixed eruption) [1] Tooth decay [1]
Other common trade names: AH3 N; Anaxanil; Bobsule; Iremofar; Masmoran; Multipax; Otarex; Paxistil; Quiess; Rezine; Vamate Indications: Anxiety and tension, pruritus Category: Antihistamine; Anxiolytic Half-life: 3-7 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: alcohol, barbiturates, CNS depressants, narcotics, non-narcotic analgesics
Reactions
Skin Angioedema (<1%) [3] Dermatitis [1] Diaphoresis Edema (<1%) Erythema multiforme (<1%) [1] Exanthems [3] Fixed eruption [3] Photosensitivity (<1%) Purpura Rash (sic) (<1%)
Urticaria [2]
Cardiovascular Flushing [1]
Other Hypersensitivity [1] Injection-site necrosis [1] Myalgia (<1%) Priapism [1] Xerostomia (12%) [2]
Synonyms: Hyoscyamine sulfate; hyoscyamine sulfate Trade names: Anaspaz; Cytospaz; Donnamar; ED-SPAZ; Gastrosed; Hyco; Hycosol Sl; Hyospaz; IB-Stat (InKline); Levbid (Schwarz); Levsin (Schwarz); Levsin/SL (Schwarz); Levsinex (Schwarz); Medispaz; Nulev (Schwarz); Pasmex; Setamine; Urised Other common trade names: Duboisine; Egacene Durettes; Egazil; Peptard Indications: Treatment of gastrointestinal tract disorders caused by spasm, Adjunctive therapy for peptic ulcers, cystitis, parkinsonism, biliary & renal colic Category: Anticholinergic Duration of action: 13-38 min Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: anticholinergics, arbutamine
Reactions
Skin Allergic reactions (sic) Hypohidrosis (>10%) Photosensitivity (1-10%) Rash (sic) (<1%)
Urticaria Xerosis (>10%)
Cardiovascular Flushing
Anaphylactoid reactions Dysgeusia
Injection-site inflammation (>10%) Xerostomia (>10%)
Trade name: Tofranil (Mallinckrodt) (Novartis) Other common trade names: Apo-Imipramine; Imidol; Imipramin; Impril; Novo-Pramine; Primonil; Pryleugan Indications: Depression Category: Tricyclic antidepressant Half-life: 6-18 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: amprenavir, arbutamine, clonidine, epinephrine, fluoxetine, formoterol, guanethidine, isocarboxazid, linezolid, MAO inhibitors, phenelzine, quinolones, sparfloxacin, tranylcypromine
Reactions
Skin Acne Allergic reactions (sic) Angioedema (<1%) [1] Bullous eruption [1] Diaphoresis (1-25%) [7] Edema [1] Erythema Exanthems (1-6%) [6] Exfoliative dermatitis [4] Fixed eruption (<1%) [1] Lichen planus [1] Lupus erythematosus [1] Peripheral edema Petechiae Photosensitivity (<1%) [3] Pigmentation [9] Pruritus (3%) [6] Purpura [3] Rash (sic) Urticaria [6] Vasculitis [1] Xerosis
Hair Hair – alopecia (<1%) [2] Hair – alopecia areata [1]
Nails Nails – parrot-beak [1]
Cardiovascular Bradycardia [1] Flushing [1] QT prolongation [1] Tachycardia [1]
Other Black tongue Dysgeusia (>10%) (metallic taste) [1] Galactorrhea (<1%) [1] Glossitis [2] Glossodynia Gynecomastia (<1%) [1] Hypogeusia Mucous membrane desquamation [1] Oral lesions [3] Oral ulceration Paresthesias Parkinsonism (1-10%) Stomatitis [2] Tremor Vaginitis Xerostomia (>10%) [5]
Other common trade name: Enerzer Indications: Depression Category: Antidepressant; Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor Half-life: N/A Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: amitriptyline, amoxapine, bupropion, citalopram, clomipramine, desipramine, doxepin, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, imipramine, meperidine, nefazodone, nortriptyline, paroxetine, protriptyline, rizatriptan, sertraline, sibutramine, sumatriptan, trimipramine, tryptophan, venlafaxine, zolmitriptan
Reactions
Skin Diaphoresis [1] Exanthems (7%) [1] Peripheral edema (1-10%) Photosensitivity (4%) [1] Pruritus (4%) [1]
Rash (sic) Telangiectasia
Other Black tongue Xerostomia (1-10%) [1]
Scientific name: Piper methysticum Family: Piperaceae Trade and other common names: Ava; Awa; Intoxicating Pepper; Kavosporal; Kew; Sakau; Tonga Category: Anxiolytic; Sedative Purported indications and other uses: Psychosis, depression, headache, migraines, colds, rheumatism, cystitis, vaginal prolapse, otitis, abscesses, antistress, analgesic, local anesthetic, anticonvulsant Half-life: N/A Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: alcohol, alprazolam, benzodiazepines, escitalopram, levodopa
Note: Products containing kava have been implicated in cases of severe liver toxicity. Serious adverse effects include hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver failure. At least one patient required a liver transplant. Kava has now been banned in many countries
Reactions
Skin Adverse effects (sic) [6] Dermopathy (pellagra-like syndrome) [3] Lymphocytic inflammation of the dermis Photosensitivity
Pigmentation (yellow) Pruritus Rash (sic) Scaly dermatitis Seborrheic dermatitis [1]
Hair – pigmentation
Nails Nails – pigmentation
Other Death [1]
Hypersensitivity [1] Mouth numbness Parkinsonism [1] Seizures [1] Side effects (sic) [3]
Note: Kava was discovered by Captain Cook, who named the plant ‘intoxicating pepper.’ In the South Pacific, kava is a popular social drink, similar to alcohol in Western societies
Trade name: Ketalar (Monarch) Other common trade names: Calypsol; Ketalin; Ketanest; Ketolar; Petar Indications: Induction of anesthesia Category: Anesthetic; Sedative-hypnotic Half-life: 2-3 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: memantine
Reactions
Skin Erythema Exanthems Pruritus [2] Rash (sic) (1-10%)
Cardiovascular Bradycardia [1]
Other Injection-site erythema Injection-site pain (1-10%) Sialorrhea (<1%) [1] Tremor (>10%)
Trade names: Aplegin; L-Carnipure Other common trade names: Acetyl-L-carnitine; B(t)Factor; Carnitine; Carnitor; Levocarnitine; Propionyl-L-carnitine; Vitacarn; Vitamin B(t) Indications: Improves lipid metabolism, red blood cell count, and antioxidant status, chronic fatigue syndrome, dementia, angina, post-MI cardioprotection, congestive heart failure, valproate toxicity, anorexia Category: Dietary supplement
Note: Mixed D, L-carnitine has been associated with myasthenic syndrome.
