ABSTRACT
When pollutants enter living organisms, they cause a variety of changes (for a general account, see Guthrie and Perry, 1980; Hodgson and Levi, 1994; Timbrell, 1995). These changes (bio-effects) are, broadly speaking, of two kinds: those which serve to protect the organisms against the harmful effects of the chemical and those which do not. Some examples of both types are given in table 7.1.
