ABSTRACT
The IPISD model encompassed ƒve top-level processes: analyze, design, develop, implement, and control or ADDIC. These top-level headings or processes are very similar to those of the ADDIE model, which is discussed in Section 9.4. From a historical perspective, Molenda (2003) noted that the underlying concepts of the IPISD model can be found in an earlier handbook by Briggs (1970), whose model incorporates ideas similar to the IPISD model but without the ADDIC headings, leading Molenda to suggest that there are likely “many other tributaries leading to the main stream of ISD” (p. 35).
