ABSTRACT
Warren J. Manning Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Harvard Medical School, and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
Just as our understanding of potential cardiac sources of embolism (chaps. 8 and 9) has
greatly advanced over the past two decades, so has our knowledge regarding optimal
treatment for these potential sources, particularly with regard to atrial fibrillation.
Unfortunately, many questions regarding therapy for other potential sources remain,
particularly with regards to treatment of patent foramen ovale (PFO), atrial septal
aneurysm, and aortic atheroma. In this chapter, we summarize the current treatment
recommendations for treating patients with many of the more common, suspected
cardiac sources.
