ABSTRACT
Exercise physiology requires an understanding of the intimate relationship among cardiovascular, pulmonary and muscle physiology. The orthopaedic surgeon must use his or her knowledge of skeletal muscle structure and function and implement energy metabolism and exercise performance to gain an understanding of how skeletal muscle responds to exercise. This information can be used to guide athletes in maximizing training and obtaining proper nutrition to enhance performance. This chapter will concentrate on skeletal muscle physiology, focusing on types of muscle fibres, muscle contractions and neuronal input. This chapter will also include a brief description of the biochemical pathways involved in muscle metabolism and how multiple organ systems interact for maximum exercise performance. Furthermore, understanding the physiology of muscle damage and the benefits of proper nutrition for maximal athletic performance will be discussed.
