ABSTRACT
Three centimetres below and 1 cm lateral to the pubic tubercle an oval deficiency in the fascia, the saphenous opening (Fig. 15.2a), transmits the great saphenous vein. The
The lower limb, similar in structure to the upper, is modified by its functions of support and propulsion of the body. During its development there is rotation medially on its long axis, so that the flexor surface lies posteriorly and the sole of the foot faces backwards and then downwards. The pelvic girdle (Fig. 9.1a, p. 122), unlike the pectoral girdle, is firmly attached to the vertebral column, which allows the transmission of the body’s weight through it to the lower limb. In the standing position the centre of gravity passes behind the hip and in front of the knee and ankle joints. The weight is distributed between the heel and the balls of the toes, most of it being carried by bones and ligaments, with only a minimal amount of muscle activity being required to maintain balance.
