ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses neonatal definitions and statistics, antenatal screening and diagnosis, pregnancy food and drug advice, fetal medicine, congenital infections, delivery, normal newborn, infant feeding, birth injuries, intrapartum and postnatal infections, neonatal intensive care, intrauterine growth retardation, large for gestational age, prematurity, respiratory disorders, cardiac disorders, neurological disorders, neonatal convulsions and jitteriness, gastrointestinal disorders, osteopenia of prematurity, haematological disorders, and hypoglycaemia. It provides clinical manifestations, prognostic features, investigations, and management of the diseases. Fetal medicine is concerned with antenatal detection, pregnancy management and treatment of fetal disorders. This includes: Antenatal screening and additional diagnostic tests where indicated, including interventional tests, e.g. chorionic villous sampling, and counselling of options should they be abnormal, Genetic counseling and Treatment during pregnancy and termination of pregnancy where appropriate. Incubators provide a stable warm environment designed to be thermoneutral, i.e. neither too hot requiring the neonate to expend energy to keep cool, nor too cool requiring the neonate to expend energy to keep warm.
