ABSTRACT
Figure 22.1 Typical hip-windmill in Russian landscape.The special feature and advantage of this type of mill was the fact that only its cap-the upper part with horizontal shaft and blades-rotated. Other parts of the mechanism and equipment were located in the stationary tower. Mill blades, by rotating the horizontal shaft, passed on the movement to the millstones through the toothed gear wheels. The cap of the mill with the blades and connected mechanism rotated in the wind with the help of
an arm going down from the upper part of the mill almost to the ground and fixed position with a picket.The evolution of mechanical engineering made it possible for the creation of a new type of wind engine with an automatic turn to the wind and speed regulation by the end of the 19th century. That fact stimulated mass production of multiple-bladed windmills with metal windwheels.
