ABSTRACT
The use of visual displays as an exploratory tool in the 1960s is probably one of the distinctive features of correspondence analysis (CA) compared to other techniques, and the explanation of its success. Once the usefulness of a technique has been established, it is always easy to find afterwards pioneering works, and it is now well known that the equations of CA had been found many years before, based on quite different motivations. Multiple
CONTENTS
3.1 Simple Correspondence Analysis .............................................................. 32 3.1.1 Optimal Scaling or Quantification of Categorical Variables .....34 3.1.2 Reciprocal Averaging ......................................................................34 3.1.3 Geometric Approach .......................................................................35 3.1.4 CA as a Discretization of a Continuous Bivariate Distribution ..... 36
3.2 Multiple Correspondence Analysis ........................................................... 37 3.2.1 First Traces of a Technology ........................................................... 37 3.2.2 Preliminary Bases ............................................................................ 39 3.2.3 Multiple Correspondence Analysis: Formulas and
Methodology ....................................................................................40 3.2.4 First Implementations ..................................................................... 41 3.2.5 Dissemination of MCA ...................................................................42 3.2.6 MCA and Multiway Analyses .......................................................42 3.2.7 Stability, Validation, Resampling...................................................43 3.2.8 Some Related Methods ....................................................................44 3.2.9 Conclusion ........................................................................................44
