ABSTRACT
Kerogen Type II: Exinite; (naphthenic) has an intermediate hydrogencarbon and oxygen-carbon ratio. Usually formed from marine organic matter (plankton) in a reducing environment. Oil and gas prone with yields of 40%–60%. Kerogen Type III: Vitrinite; has a low hydrogen-carbon and high oxygencarbon ratio. Usually dry, low-quality gas prone with low yields. The source is terrestrial vascular plants. Humic coal precursor. Kerogen Type IV: Inertinite; very low in hydrogen, principally a dead carbon. No oil or gas generating gas potential. Kerosene: (1) A medium range (C9-C16), straight-chain blend of hydrocarbons. The ¤ash point is about 60°C (140°F), the boiling point is 174°C-288°C, and the density is 0.747-0.775 g/cc. (2) A medium-light distillate from the oil rening process; used for lighting and heating and for the manufacture of fuel for jet and turboprop aircraft engines. (3) Any petroleum product with a boiling range between the approximate limits of 140°C and 270°C, which satises specic quality requirements. (4) A light petroleum distillate that is used in space heaters, cook stoves, and water heaters and is suitable for use as a light source when burned in wick-fed lamps. Kerosene has a maximum distillation temperature of 400°F at the 10% recovery point, a nal boiling point of 572°F, and a minimum ¤ash point of 100°F. Included are No. 1-K and No. 2-K, the two grades recognized by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Specication D3699 as well as all other grades of kerosene called range or stove oil, which have properties similar to those of No. 1 fuel oil. See Kerosene-type jet fuel. Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel: A kerosene-based product having a maximum distillation temperature of 400°F at the 10% recovery point and a nal maximum boiling point of 572°F and meeting ASTM Specication D1655 and Military Specications MIL-T-5624P and MIL-T-83133D (Grades JP-5 and JP-8). It is used for commercial and military turbojet and turboprop aircraft engines. Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel (Commercial): Kerosene-type jet fuel intended for use in commercial aircraft. Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel (Military): Kerosene-type jet fuel intended for use in military aircraft. Ketone: An alkanone or ketone is any carbon compound containing the C-C(O)–C group. Acetone is the simplest ketone and is a common solvent found, for example, in ngernail polish remover.
