ABSTRACT
Nanotechnology emerges from the physical, chemical, biological, and engineering sciences, where novel techniques are being developed to probe and manipulate single atoms and molecules. By interacting with biological molecules, nanotechnology opens up a promising and revolutionary eld of application in medicine. Miniaturization provides cost-effective and more promptly operative mechanical, chemical, and biological components. In fact, the nanometer-sized objects also possess remarkable self-ordering and assembly behaviors under the control of forces different from macro objects [1]. The integration of nanomaterials with biology has led to the development of diagnostic devices, contrast agents, analytical tools, physical therapy applications, and drug delivery vehicles [2] useful for both in vivo and in vitro biomedical research and applications [3].
