ABSTRACT
Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 154 Antibacterial Agents ....................................................................................................................... 154
Inhibition of Cell Wall Synthesis: Introduction ........................................................................ 154 Drugs That Inhibit Intracellular Cell Wall Biosynthetic Enzymes ....................................... 155 Drugs That Bind to Carrier Molecules ................................................................................. 156 Drugs That Bind to Cell Wall Precursors ............................................................................. 156 Drugs That Inhibit Enzymatic Polymerization and Attachment of New Peptidoglycan Units to the Nascent Cell Wall (β-Lactams) ......................................................................... 158
Interference with Cytoplasmic Membrane Integrity ................................................................. 161 Drugs That Disorganize the Cytoplasmic Membrane .......................................................... 161 Drugs That Produce Pores in Membranes ............................................................................ 162
Inhibition of Nucleic Acid Synthesis ........................................................................................ 163 Inhibitors of DNA Replication ............................................................................................. 163 Inhibitors of RNA Polymerase ............................................................................................. 165
Inhibition of Ribosome Function and Protein Synthesis........................................................... 165 Inhibitors of 30S Ribosomal Subunits .................................................................................. 165 Inhibitors of 50S Ribosomal Subunits .................................................................................. 168
Inhibition of Synthesis of Essential Small Molecules............................................................... 171 Inhibitors of Dihydropteroic Acid Synthetase ...................................................................... 171 Inhibitors of Dihydrofolate Reductase ................................................................................. 172
Antimycobacterial Agents .............................................................................................................. 173 Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis............................................................................................... 173
Isoniazid (Isonicotinic Acid Hydrazide, INH) ..................................................................... 173 Cycloserine ........................................................................................................................... 173 Ethambutol (EMB) ............................................................................................................... 173
Interference with Cytoplasmic Membrane Function................................................................. 173 Pyrazinamide (PZA) ............................................................................................................. 173
Inhibition of Nucleic Acid Synthesis ........................................................................................ 174 Rifamycins: Rifampin, Rifabutin, Rifapentine ..................................................................... 174 Fluoroquinolones as Antimycobacterial Agents ...................................................................174
