ABSTRACT
Probability theory is the basis for the analysis of uncertainty in science and engineering. The concept of probability ties to a numerical measure of the likelihood of an event, which is one outcome of an experiment or measurement. The sample space is the set of all possible outcomes, and therefore an event is a subset of the sample space. Probability can thus be dened as a real number between zero and one (0 and 1 included) assigned to the likelihood of an event. As a shorthand for the probability of an event, we can write Pr[event] or P[event]. For example, for event A, Pr[A] or P[A], is a real number between 0 and 1 (0 and 1 included).
