ABSTRACT

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe form of stroke; only 20% of patients have a favorable outcome at 1 year and mortality is 40% at 1 month. Despite the critical need, no medication therapy exists for the treatment of this patient population, and the understanding of the pathophysiology underlying ICH remains incomplete. ICH is known to trigger an inammatory response including activation of microglia, upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and increase in oxidative species and inammatory cytokines resulting in blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, hematoma expansion, and edema. Current research primarily

Abstract .................................................................................................................. 393 23.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 394

23.1.1 Current Therapeutics for the Treatment of ICH ............................... 394 23.1.2 Clinical Presentation of ICH and Potential Time Window .............. 395 23.1.3 Targets for ICH Treatment ................................................................ 395

23.1.3.1 Inammation ...................................................................... 395 23.1.3.2 MMPs ................................................................................ 396 23.1.3.3 Iron ..................................................................................... 397

23.1.4 Potential Therapeutic Agents ............................................................ 398 23.1.5 Minocycline ...................................................................................... 401

23.1.5.1 Dose of Minocycline for Neuroprotection ......................... 401 23.1.5.2 Tolerability .........................................................................402