Nuclear transfer techniques for preimplantation diagnosis and prospect for artificial gamete formation

Figure 3.3 Enucleation of human oocytes as a source of cytoplasts for second polar body nucleus conversion into metaphase chromosomes. (a) and (b) After partial zona dissection, a flame-polished biopsy tool is used to remove the first polar body (PB1) from the perivitelline space, as described in Chapter 2. (c) and (d) Chromatin epifluorescence after staining with vital Hoechst stain. (e) and (f) Enucleation is verified by a second brief exposure to epifluorescence, showing that both the PB1 and metaphase II chromosomes are inside the pipette.