ABSTRACT
In this debate I argue that combinations of specific cytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic testing on parents and spontaneous abortion tissues, noninvasive prenatal testing, minimal use of invasive prenatal diagnosis, and second trimester ultrasound for fetal abnormality are all needed for the optimal management of pregnancies in women with a history of RPL. Furthermore, I assert that currently available nonspecific screening (first trimester combined test, second trimester quadruple test, and various newer combinations)1,2 are insufficient in the management of these pregnancies.
