ABSTRACT
This chapter presents the list of commonly used immunophenotypic markers and differential diagnosis of their expression in hematopoietic tumors. Due to positive expression of annexin-1 by myeloid cells, immunostaining of the bone marrow sample for annexin-1 is not useful in monitoring patients with Hairy cell leukemia after treatment. High expression of B-cell lymphoma2 is associated with a low complete remission rate after intensive chemotherapy and with a significantly shorter survival. BCL6 protein is selectively expressed by germinal center B cells in normal lymphoid tissues. Precursor T-lymphoblastic neoplasms usually do not express surface CD3 when analyzed by flow cytometry. CD4 antigen is expressed by T-helper cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. CD14 is brightly expressed by benign monocytes and majority of neoplastic monocytes from chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and monocytic component of acute myelomonocytic leukemia. CD38 is a transmembrane glycoprotein with a widespread cellular expression and functional activity.
